organic chemistry - topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

What does ‘saturated’ mean for alkanes?

A

it consists of only single bonds. c-c

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3
Q

Describe a homologous series.

A

Organic compounds that react in a similar way.

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4
Q

Name the first 4 alkanes.

A

1.Methane, 2.Ethane, 3.Propane, 4.Butane

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5
Q

Why does viscosity change for each hydrocarbon?

A

The shorter it is, the less viscous (gloopy) it is.

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6
Q

What length hydrocarbons are more volatile?

A

Shorter hydrocarbons are more volatile.

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7
Q

Why does the flammability change for each hydrocarbon

A

The shorter it is, the more flammable (easy to ignite) it is.

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8
Q

When will complete combustion happen?

A

when there is enough oxygen

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9
Q

Give the word equation for incomplete combustion.

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

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10
Q

What happens to hydrocarbons during complete combustion?

A

they oxidise

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11
Q

why are they useful as fuels

A

Because of the amount of energy they produce during complete combustion.

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12
Q

How was crude oil formed?

A

Dead plants and animals (mainly plankton) became trapped in mud under a high temperature and pressure.

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13
Q

Give 2 problems with Crude Oil.

A
  1. It is a finite resource, non-renewable.

2. It’s a long chain

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14
Q

What is the first step of Fractional Distillation?

A

Crude oil is heated to around 450 degrees so it vaporises.

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