Organic chemistry to-know: Flashcards
Alkane vs. alkene
- reactant
- observations
- types of reaction
- products
- Br2 (aq)
Alkane =
2. Orange color disappears slowly (requires heat and light)
3. Substitution reaction
4. Haloalkane/ bromoalkane
+ H-Br
Alkene =
2. Reacts immediately
3. Addition reaction
4. Di-bromo alkane
Haloalkane vs. alkene
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- Br2 (aq)
Haloalkane =
2. orange color disappears slowly (requires heat and light)
3. Substitution reaction
4. Dihaloalkane + H-Br
Alkene =
2. reacts immediately
3. Addition reaction
4. Di - bromo alkane
Alkane vs. Alkene
(second option)
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- H+/MNO4 -
Alkane=
2. Purple stays purple
3. No reaction
4 n/a
Alkene =
2. Purple to colorless
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Diol
Haloalkane vs. Alkene
(second option)
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- H+/MNO4 -
Haloalkane =
2. purple stays purple
3. No reaction
4. n/a
Alkene =
2. Purple to colorless
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Diol
Amine vs. carboxylic acid
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- Litmus paper
Amine =
2. Damp red - blue
3. Acid/base reaction
4. n/a
carboxylic acid =
2. Blue to red (or red stays red)
3. Acid/ base reaction
4. n/a
carboxylic acid vs. other
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- Metal or carbonate
Carboxylic acid =
2. Bubbles (CO2 when reacting with carbonate) (H2 when reacting with metal)
3. acid/base reaction
4. (CO2 and H2 gases)
Metal = salt + hydrogen gas
Carbonate = Salt, carbon dioxide and water
Other =
2. No reaction
3. N/a
4. n/a
General soluble vs insoluble in water: (three per side)
+
2. Observations
Not soluble
= Observe two layers
(Alkane, Haloalkane, Alkene)
Soluble
= one layer/ no observable separation
( Alcohol, Amine, Carboxylic acid)
Aldehydes vs/ Ketones
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- Tollens reagent ( Ag+/NH3 + Heat
Aldehydes =
2. Colorless to the formation of a silver mirror
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Silver metal + carboxylic acid
Ketones =
2. Solution remains colorless
3. n/a
4. n/a
Aldehydes vs. Ketones
(second option)
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- Benedicts/ Fehlings solution
( cu2+ ion in a complex ion)
+ warm/ Heat
Aldehydes =
2. Solution turns from blue to brick red/ orange (precipitate)
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Carboxylic acid (copper II ions - blue, oxide to copper I ions - rust/ color)
Ketones =
2. Solution remains blue
3. n/a
4. n/a
Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary alcohols
- reactant
- observations
- types of reactions
- products
- H+/CR2O7 2-
Primary =
2. Orange to green
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Oxidised to aldehydes, then to carboxylic acids (test with carbonate, metal or litmus to confirm the formation of C.A)
Secondary =
2. Orange to green
3. Oxidation reaction
4. Oxidised to ketones
Tertiary =
2. Solution remains orange
3. Cannot be oxidised
4. n/a
Identify a molecule with chiral/ asymmetric C atom
Able to rotate plane polarised light
