Organic Chemistry Recall Flashcards
Compounds with one carbon atom have names starting with…
meth-
Compounds with two carbon atoms have names starting with…
eth-
Compounds with three carbon atoms have names starting with…
prop-
Compounds with four carbon atoms have names starting with…
but-
Compounds with five carbon atoms have names starting with…
pent-
Alkanes have names ending in…
-ane
Alkenes have names ending in…
-ene
Alcohols have names ending in…
-anol
Carboxylic acids have names ending in…
-anoic acid
Alkanes are characterised by having…
only C-C and C-H single bonds
Alkenes are characterised by having…
a C=C double bond
Alcohols are characterised by having…
a -C-O-H group
Carboxylic acids are characterised by having…
a -C-O-O-H group
What are the three trends linked to the increasing the size of the chain in hydrocarbons?
- boiling point increases
- viscosity increases
- flammability decreases
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the separation of fractions from crude oil due to their different boiling points, using a process of evaporation and condensation.
What is cracking?
Cracking is the breakdown of larger alkanes using heat to produce smaller alkanes and alkenes.
What are the reagents and conditions for the reaction of alkenes with halogens?
Chlorine, bromine, or iodine; (g) or (aq)
What are the reagents and conditions for the reaction of alkenes with water?
Steam, phosphoric acid catalyst
What are the reagents and conditions for the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen?
Hydrogen gas, nickel catalyst, 60°C
