ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS

Question 1

Group 1

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Caesium

Really Old Ladies Ride Bikes

Answer 1

• Red
• Orange
• Lilac
• Red
• Blue Violet

Question 2

Group 2

Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium

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Answer 2

• White
• Bright White
• Brick Red
• Scarlett Red
• Apple Green

Question 3

Test for Carbonates

Carbonara and Milk

Answer 3

• Add Dilute Acid
• CO2 is passed through limewater, turns milky

Question 4

Test for Sulphates

Steaming Hot Banana Cake Wins

Answer 4

• Add few drops of dilute HCl + Barium Chloride
• In presence of Sulphate ions, white precipitate is formed

Question 5

Test for ammonium ions

Apples shine red brightly

Answer 5

• Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and warm gently
• Test gas given off with damp red litmus paper, turns blue

Question 6

How Group 1 carbonates decompose

Answer 6

• Eg Lithium Carbonate decompose to form Lithium Oxide + CO2
• Thermal stability increases down the group, rest of group 1 carbonates have increasing decomp temp as you go down the group

Question 7

How Group 1 nitrates decompose

Answer 7

• Eg lithium nitrate is only grp 1 nitrate to decompose to form nitrogen dioxide (brown toxic gas) + oxygen
• Rest of group 1 nitrates decompose to form metal nitrite (XNO2) + oxygen

Question 8

How Group 2 carbonates decompose

Answer 8

• Decomposes to form metal oxide (white powder) + CO2

Question 9

How Group 2 nitrates decompose

Answer 9

• Decompose to produce metal oxide (white powder) + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

Question 10

To produce an ALCOHOL from haloalkane…

Answer 10

• React haloalkane with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce an alcohol in nucleophillic substitution reaction
• OH- acts as a nucleophile

Question 11

To produce an ALKENE from haloakane

Answer 11

• React haloalkane with ethanolic NaOH to produce an alkene

Question 12

To produce an NITRILE from haloalkane

Answer 12

• React haloalkane with ethanolic potassium cyanide (KCN) to form a nitrile in a nucleophillic substitution reaction, the CN- acts as a nucleophile, this reaction lengthens the C chain

Question 13

To produce an AMINE from haloalkane

Answer 13

• React the haloalkane with ethanolic NH3 to form amine in an nucleophillic substitution reaction, ammonia acts as a nucleophile

Question 14

Dehydration to Alkenes

Answer 14

• React alcohol with concentrated PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4)
• The OH group from one carbon and H of the next carbon are remove forming a C=C bond — > alkene