Organic Chemistry Reactions

Question 1

Blue ppt to dark blue solution
Give the conditions reagents :

Answer 1

Add more amine (ligand exchange)

Question 2

Amine to blue ppt

Give the conditions reagents :

Answer 2

Cu2+
Deprotonation

Question 3

Amine to 2/3 amine

Give the conditions reagents :

Answer 3

Excess halogenoalkane

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 4

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

Give the conditions reagents :

Answer 4

KCN / HCN
In ethanol
Nucleophilic substitution

Question 5

Halogenoalkane to Alkene

Answer 5

Conc OH-
In ethanol
Elimination

Question 6

Halogenoalkane to 1/2/3 alcohol

Answer 6

OH-(aq)
Nucleophilic substitution
Also works with AgNO3

Question 7

Halogenoalkane to alkane

Answer 7

Rx into grinyard by adding Mg in dry ether , then add H+ + H2O to make R + Mg(OH)X

Question 8

Alkene to 1/2/3 alcohol

Answer 8

H2O (g) + H+
Oxidation
Addition
Hydrolysis

Question 9

Alkene to halogenoalkane

Answer 9

HX for monosubstituted of X2 for dihalogenoalkane

Electrophile addition

Question 10

Alkene to diol

Answer 10

KMnO4 + H2SO4
Oxidation
Addition

Question 11

Alkene to alkane

Answer 11

H2 Ni catalyst at 150 Celsius
Hydrogenation
Addition
Reaction

Question 12

Alkane to alkene

Answer 12

Zeolite catalyst
High temp
Cracking

Question 13

Alkane to halogenoalkane

Answer 13

X2 UV light free radical substitution

Question 14

1/2/3 alcohol to Alkene

Answer 14

Conc H2SO4 / H3PO4
Elimination
Condensation

Question 15

1/2/3 alcohol to halogenoalkane

Answer 15

PCL5 + conc HCl
KBr + conc H2SO4
Moist red phosphorus + I2
Nucleophilic substitution

Question 16

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

Answer 16

KCN /HCN

In ethanol

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 17

Methanol to 1* alcohol

Answer 17

Grinyard reagent (R-MgX) + H2O/H+

Reduction / Nucleophilie (R-)

Question 18

Methanal to carboxylic acid

Answer 18

H+
Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

Question 19

1* alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 19

H+
Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

Question 20

Carboxilic acid to 1 alcohol

Answer 20

LiAH4

Reduction
In dry ether

Question 21

1 alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 21

H+/ Cr2O7^2-

Distillation
Oxidation

Question 22

Aldehyde to 1 alcohol

Answer 22

LiAlH4
Dry ether
Reduction

Question 23

Aldehyde to 2 alcohol

Answer 23

Grinyard reagent
H2O / H+
Reduction
Nucleophilie

Question 24

2 alcohol to ketone

Answer 24

H+ / Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

Question 25

Ketone to 2 alcohol

Answer 25

LiAlH4 Dry ether Reduction

Question 26

Ketone to 3 alcohol

Answer 26

Grinyard reagent + H2O/H+ Reduction Nuceolphile

Question 27

Ester to 1/2/3 alcohol

Answer 27

Conc acid + H2SO4 + heat / acid chloride at room temp Condensation

Question 28

1/2/3 alcohol to ester

Answer 28

H+ + H2O + heat hydrolysis (Or NaOH would make c acid salt)

Question 29

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 29

H+ / H2O (H2SO4 / HCl ) hydrolysis

Question 30

Ester to carboxylic acid salt

Answer 30

NaOH hydrolysis

Question 31

1/2/3 alcohol to carboxylic acid salt

Answer 31

Methyl secondary alcohol / ethanol I2 + NaOH. (Removes CH3 group) Iodoform reaction

Question 32

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid salt

Answer 32

Feelings / Benedict’s solution , silver mirror (AgNO3 , NH3)

Question 33

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 33

H+ / Cr2O7 Reflux oxidation

Question 34

Aldehyde / ketone to hydroxy nitrile

Answer 34

HCN in KCN Nucleophilic addition

Question 35

Hydroxy nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 35

H+ and H2O (H2SO4/HCl) Hydrolysis (Makes hydroxy carboxylic acid)

Question 36

Carboxylic Acid to Acid/acyl chloride

Answer 36

PCl5

Question 37

Acid / acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Answer 37

H2O

Question 38

Ester to carboxylic Acid

Answer 38

H+ + H2O + heat Hydrolysis ( or NaOH would make C acid salt )

Question 39

Carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 39

+ alcohol H2SO4 + heat Condensation

Question 40

Acid / acyl chloride to ester

Answer 40

Alcohol

Question 41

CO2 to carboxylic acid

Answer 41

Grinyard reagent H2O / H+ Reduction Nucleophilic addition

Question 42

Carboxylic Acid salt to carboxylic Acid

Answer 42

H+ (aq) Adic/base

Question 43

Carboxylic Acid to carboxylic Acid salt

Answer 43

NaOH (aq) Acid/base

Question 44

Acid/acyl chloride to N-Substituted amide

Answer 44

Amine

Question 45

Acid/acyl chloride to amide

Answer 45

NH3

Question 46

Amide to carboxylic acid

Answer 46

H+(aq) Acid hydrolysis

Question 47

N-substituted amide to carboxylic acid

Answer 47

H+ (aq) Acid hydrolysis Also makes amine