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A-level Chemistry Reactions > Organic Chemistry Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Blue ppt to dark blue solution
Give the conditions reagents :

A

Add more amine (ligand exchange)

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2
Q

Amine to blue ppt

Give the conditions reagents :

A

Cu2+
Deprotonation

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3
Q

Amine to 2/3 amine

Give the conditions reagents :

A

Excess halogenoalkane

Nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

Give the conditions reagents :

A

KCN / HCN
In ethanol
Nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

Halogenoalkane to Alkene

A

Conc OH-
In ethanol
Elimination

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6
Q

Halogenoalkane to 1/2/3 alcohol

A

OH-(aq)
Nucleophilic substitution
Also works with AgNO3

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7
Q

Halogenoalkane to alkane

A

Rx into grinyard by adding Mg in dry ether , then add H+ + H2O to make R + Mg(OH)X

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8
Q

Alkene to 1/2/3 alcohol

A

H2O (g) + H+
Oxidation
Addition
Hydrolysis

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9
Q

Alkene to halogenoalkane

A

HX for monosubstituted of X2 for dihalogenoalkane

Electrophile addition

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10
Q

Alkene to diol

A

KMnO4 + H2SO4
Oxidation
Addition

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11
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2 Ni catalyst at 150 Celsius
Hydrogenation
Addition
Reaction

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12
Q

Alkane to alkene

A

Zeolite catalyst
High temp
Cracking

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13
Q

Alkane to halogenoalkane

A

X2 UV light free radical substitution

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14
Q

1/2/3 alcohol to Alkene

A

Conc H2SO4 / H3PO4
Elimination
Condensation

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15
Q

1/2/3 alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

PCL5 + conc HCl
KBr + conc H2SO4
Moist red phosphorus + I2
Nucleophilic substitution

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16
Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

KCN /HCN

In ethanol

Nucleophilic substitution

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17
Q

Methanol to 1* alcohol

A

Grinyard reagent (R-MgX) + H2O/H+

Reduction / Nucleophilie (R-)

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18
Q

Methanal to carboxylic acid

A

H+
Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

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19
Q

1* alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

H+
Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

20
Q

Carboxilic acid to 1 alcohol

A

LiAH4

Reduction
In dry ether

21
Q

1 alcohol to aldehyde

A

H+/ Cr2O7^2-

Distillation
Oxidation

22
Q

Aldehyde to 1 alcohol

A

LiAlH4
Dry ether
Reduction

23
Q

Aldehyde to 2 alcohol

A

Grinyard reagent
H2O / H+
Reduction
Nucleophilie

24
Q

2 alcohol to ketone

A

H+ / Cr2O7^2-
Reflux
Oxidation

25
Q

Ketone to 2 alcohol

A

LiAlH4
Dry ether
Reduction

26
Q

Ketone to 3 alcohol

A

Grinyard reagent + H2O/H+
Reduction
Nuceolphile

27
Q

Ester to 1/2/3 alcohol

A

Conc acid + H2SO4 + heat
/ acid chloride at room temp

Condensation

28
Q

1/2/3 alcohol to ester

A

H+ + H2O + heat hydrolysis

(Or NaOH would make c acid salt)

29
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H+ / H2O (H2SO4 / HCl ) hydrolysis

30
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid salt

A

NaOH hydrolysis

31
Q

1/2/3 alcohol to carboxylic acid salt

A

Methyl secondary alcohol / ethanol I2 + NaOH. (Removes CH3 group)
Iodoform reaction

32
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid salt

A

Feelings / Benedict’s solution , silver mirror (AgNO3 , NH3)

33
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

H+ / Cr2O7
Reflux oxidation

34
Q

Aldehyde / ketone to hydroxy nitrile

A

HCN in KCN
Nucleophilic addition

35
Q

Hydroxy nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H+ and H2O
(H2SO4/HCl)
Hydrolysis
(Makes hydroxy carboxylic acid)

36
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Acid/acyl chloride

A

PCl5

37
Q

Acid / acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O

38
Q

Ester to carboxylic Acid

A

H+ + H2O + heat
Hydrolysis
( or NaOH would make C acid salt )

39
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

+ alcohol
H2SO4
+ heat
Condensation

40
Q

Acid / acyl chloride to ester

A

Alcohol

41
Q

CO2 to carboxylic acid

A

Grinyard reagent
H2O / H+
Reduction
Nucleophilic addition

42
Q

Carboxylic Acid salt to carboxylic Acid

A

H+ (aq)
Adic/base

43
Q

Carboxylic Acid to carboxylic Acid salt

A

NaOH (aq)
Acid/base

44
Q

Acid/acyl chloride to N-Substituted amide

A

Amine

45
Q

Acid/acyl chloride to amide

A

NH3

46
Q

Amide to carboxylic acid

A

H+(aq)
Acid hydrolysis

47
Q

N-substituted amide to carboxylic acid

A

H+ (aq)
Acid hydrolysis
Also makes amine

A-level Chemistry Reactions (1 decks)

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