Organic chemistry pt2

Question 1

what is the functional group and homologous series of carboxylic acids?

Answer 1

carboxyl

-COOH

Question 2

What happens when carboxylic acid comes in contact with water?

Answer 2

dissolves in water to form acidic solutions

they ionise and release H+ ions, however, they don’t fully ionise

• weak acids

Question 3

Carboxylic acids + carbonates = ?

Answer 3

• CO2
• salt ( with an -anoate at the end)
• water

Question 4

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate

Answer 4

Question 5

Carboxylic acids + alcohol (+ an acidic catalyst) =

Answer 5

esters +water

Question 6

ethanol + ethanoic acid = and what catalyst does it use?

what type of reaction is it?

Answer 6

ethyl ethanoate

sulfuric acid as a catalyst

it is a reversible reaction

Question 7

features of esters?

describe the boiling point and smell

Answer 7

• volatile compounds i.e have low boing point
• distinctive smells and are used in perfumes as well as flavourings in food

Question 8

What two different types of functional groups do amino acids have?

Answer 8

a basic amine group, NH2

carboxyl group

COOH

Question 9

Amino acids react by _____________________ to produce________-

Answer 9

condensation polymerisation

polypeptides

Question 10

What is the chemical formula for glycine?

Answer 10

NCH₂COOH

Question 11

What is the condensation polymerisation reaction for glycine

(glycine + glycine)

Answer 11

Question 12

How are proteins produced?

Answer 12

at least 2 different amino acids of same length are combined on the same chain

Question 13

What is DNA made from?

Answer 13

2 polymer chains constructed from 4 different nucleotides: cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine the two polymer chains from a double helix

Question 14

what are examples of polymers of sugars?

Answer 14

starch and cellulose

Question 15

what are sugars?

Answer 15

small molecules that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 16

what are starch and cellulose made by?

Answer 16

plants

Question 17

Why are alkenes useful for making other molecules, especially polymers

Answer 17

because they are unsaturated they are able to open up carbon-carbon double bond

Question 18

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 18

when many monomers join to form polymers - they have one product only - 100% atom economy

this involves alkenes only

Question 19

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 19

involves two different monomers with two functional groups, with two of the same functional groups on each monomer. When these types of monomers react they join together, usually losing small molecules such as water,

The monomers are NOT alkenes

Question 20

Whats the chemical formula for polyester

* name reactants and products

Answer 20

Question 21

General formula for carboxylic acids

Answer 21

CnH₂nO₂