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Y4 Chemistry > Organic Chemistry Part 1.3 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Part 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

functional group of alcohols

A

-OH functional group

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2
Q

Elements which alcohol contains

A

C,H,O

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3
Q

General formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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4
Q

Are alcohols with lower relative molecular mass volatile liquids?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Trend of solubility in water with relative molecular size in alcohol homologous series

A

Solubility decrease with increase in relative molecular size

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6
Q

What happens when alcohols are ignited by a spark/flame?

A

Burns readily in air

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7
Q

Condition of complete combustion of alcohol and products

A

Condition: Excess oxygen
Prodcuts: Carbon dioxide and water vapour

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8
Q

Why does alcohol burn a ‘cleaner flame’ compared to its corresponding alkane

A

Lower percentage of carbon in the alcohol

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9
Q

Why are alcohols used as fuel

A

Combustion of alcohol is highly exothermic, produce a lot of heat

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10
Q

What is the name of reaction which causes alcohol to be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation

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11
Q

What(s) causes alcohol to be oxidised to form carboxylic acid

A

1) Atmospheric oxygen
2)Heating with oxidising agents such as acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII)/acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI)

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12
Q

Products formed in oxidation of alcohol

A

Water and carboxylic acid

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13
Q

Equation for ethanol reacting with atmospheric oxygen

A

CH3CH2OH + 2O -> CH3COOH + H2O

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14
Q

What is another condition for oxidation of alcohol aside from what it is oxidised by

A

Heat

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15
Q

In the oxidation reaction how many atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen gained/lost

A

C: remains same
H: Lose 2 H atoms
O: Gain 1 O

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16
Q

What do alcoholic drinks smell of after being left in the open exposed to atmospheric oxygen for days

A

Turns sour, smells like vinegar

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17
Q

What is observed when acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) / acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) is reacted with alcohol and write the redox equation

A

KMnO4: Purple solution turns colourless as MnO4- is reduced to Mn2+

K2Cr2O7: Orange turns green as Cr2O7 2- is reduced to Cr3+

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18
Q

Application of oxidation of alcohol and what oxidising agent do traffic police use

A

Breathalyser
Acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI)

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19
Q

Define dehydration of alcohol

A

Decomposition reaction involving the removal the elements of water from a compound using a dehydrating agent

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20
Q

What are the conditions and products formed in dehydration

A

conditions: concentrated sulfuric acid, 170 degree Celsius
products: alkene and water

21
Q

How does concentrated sulfuric acid work in the dehydration of alcohol

A

removes hydrogen and oxygen from other compounds in the form of water

22
Q

What are the 2 methods to manufacture ETHANOL

A

Catalytic addition of steam to ethene (hydration) & fermentation of glucose

23
Q

Conditions for fermentation of glucose

A

yeast, 37 degrees Celsius, absence of oxygen

24
Q

Products of fermentation of glucose

A

ethanol and carbon dioxide

25
Q

Why is a higher alcohol content not produced during fermentation

A

this causes yeast to die and fermentation to stop

26
Q

What happens if temperature of reaction is raised beyond 37 degrees celcius in fermentation

A

Enzymes will be denatured, fermentation stop

27
Q

What happens if ethanol is exposed to air [Give what happen to ethanol and why hint: bacteria]

A

Turn sour, vinegar smell. Bacteria in air use atmospheric oxygen to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid

28
Q

State some uses of ethanol (name 2 out of 4)

A

Alcoholic beverages
Solvent for paint, perfumes
Fuels for vehicles
Produce ethanoic acid, used for food flavouring

29
Q

functional group of carboxylic acids

A

-COOH functional group

30
Q

general formula of carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

31
Q

Why are carboxylic acids weak acids

A

dissociate partially in water to form hydrogen ions and the respective anions

32
Q

Is the oxidation of ethanol the same as the manufacture of ethanoic acid

A

Yes

32
Q

How to tell basicity of carboxylic acid

A

Number of functional groups

33
Q

Regarding the general formula for carboxylic acid, which number does n start from

A

n = 0

34
Q

What happens when carboxylic acid reacts with reactive metal

A

salt and hydrogen produced

34
Q

What happens when carboxylic acid reacts with metal carbonate

A

Salt, carbon dioxide and water produced

35
Q

What happens when carboxylic acid react with base

A

salt and water produced

36
Q

In the writing of chemical formulae of a compound involving a metal cation and an organic anion how should the chemical formula be written

A

anion first, cation

36
Q

Conditions of esterification and products formed

A

Heat under reflux with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst

Ester + water

37
Q

What precaution should be taken when heating the reaction mixture in esterification since volatile and flammable alcohols are present

A

Heat mixture in water bath

38
Q

In drawing the structures of reactants in esterification, what reactant should be drawn in front and what reactant should be placed at the back. Should the alcohol be flipped

A

Acid drawn in front of alcohol, alcohol flipped

39
Q

Is it true that the elements O and H are lost from the alcohol while H is only lost from the acid

A

False. O and H are lost from acid, H lost from alcohol

40
Q

Is esterification a reversible reaction

A

Yes

41
Q

How are esters formed

A

From reaction of alcohols and carboxylic acid

41
Q

In the naming of the esters, what is the suffix of the first part of the ester and suffix of second part of name

A

-yl, -anoate

42
Q

Functional group of esters

A

-COO

43
Q

Smell of esters and where is it found

A

sweet, found in fruits

43
Q

Colour and solubility of esters

A

colourless and insoluble

43
Q

uses of esters 2

A

-artificial food flavouring
-used as solvents for cosmetics, perfume, glues

Y4 Chemistry (4 decks)

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