Organic Chemistry part 1

Question 1

Ionic bonding

Answer 1

Electrons are donated/accepted

Question 2

Covalent bonding

Answer 2

Electrons are shared

Question 3

Bonding in ethene

Answer 3

• 1 electron is promoted from the s orbital to the p orbital
• sp2 hybridisation

Question 4

Bonding in ethyne

Answer 4

sp hybridisation

Question 5

Alcohols

Answer 5

• OH functional group
• Can be primary, secondary, or tertiary

Question 6

Halogenoalkanes

Answer 6

An alkane with a halogen substituent

Question 7

Aldehydes

Answer 7

• COH functional group
• C=O at the end of the molecule

Question 8

Ketones

Answer 8

C=O functional group in the middle of the molecule

Question 9

Carboxylic acids

Answer 9

• COOH functional group

Question 10

Esters

Answer 10

• COO functional group
• Named the opposite way round to the order which we draw them in

Question 11

Amines

Answer 11

Characterised by a nitrogen atom single-bonded to alkyl groups

Question 12

Functional groups

Answer 12

• Reactivity centres of the molecule
• Affect the physical characteristics of the molecule such as its solubility, acid/base properties, stability etc.

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

A measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself

Question 14

Acid dissociation

Answer 14

Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
pH = pKa + log[deprotonated]/[protonated]