organic chemistry paper 2 Flashcards
what are the conditions needed to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid in a lab?
- potassium dichromate (oxidising agent)
- sulfuric acid
the colour change is orange to green
explain the proccess of microbial oxidation
some organisms use oxygen in the air to oxidise alcohols
how can ethanol be produced?
- ethene + steam
- fermentation
describe the conditions to react ethene with steam
- 300 degrees
- pressure 60-70 atm
- phosphoric acid catalyst
explain why ethene and steam is an addition reaction
water is added to the molecule
what are the advantages of producing ethanol from ethene?
- cheap
- produces pure ethanol
What is a disadvantage of producing ethene from steam?
crude oil is a non-renewable source so will soon become very expensive
explain how ethanol can be produced by fermentation
sugar e.g. glucose is converted to ethanol using yeat due to enzymes they use
explain the conditions required to produce ethanol by fermentation
- 30 degrees - if too hot the yeast denatures and the reaction stops
- anaerobic conditions otherwise ethanoic acid will be produced
what are some advantages of producing ethanol via fermentation?
- lower energy cost
- sugar cane is a renewable source
what are some disadvantages of producing ethanol via fermentation?
- ethanol produced is impure so more expensive
- slower proccess
give 2 uses of ethanol
- fuels
- solvents e.g. in perfume
what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
salt + water + carbon dioxide
what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal?
salt + hydrogen
i.e. which food
where is ethanoic acid found?
vinegar
How is an ester produced?
alcohol + carboxylic acid
explain how to name an ester
the first part e.g. ethyl is from the alcohol used and the second part (anoate) is from the carboxylic acid used
explain why esters are used in perfumes
they are volatile and have pleasant smells
explain why addition polymers are difficult to dispose of
- they are inert are the carbon-carbon bonds are difficult to break
- meaning that it takes a long time for them to biodegrade so take up space in landfills
- when burned they release toxic gases that are harmful to humans
explain why polyesters are condensation polymers
for each new bond in the polymer that forms, a molecule of water is lost
which monomers are needed to produce a condensation polymer?
dicarboxylic acids are diol monomers
the ‘di’ signifies two functional groups
give an example of a diol
ethanediol
give an example of a dicarboxylic acid
ethanedioic acid
give an example of a polyester
poly(ethyl ethanoate)
what property of polyesters reduces their pollutant effect on the environment?
they are biodegradable
