organic chemistry introduction (organic)

Question 1

what is the empirical formula

Answer 1

the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

how do you work out the empirical formula

Answer 2

mass/atomic mass then divide by the smallest number

Question 3

what is molecular formula

Answer 3

shows the actual amount of atoms of each element in a molecule. can be found using the empirical formula, relative molecular mass of the empirical formula and the relative mass of the molecule

Question 4

what is a free radical

Answer 4

when a covalent bond breaks, one electron goes to each of the atoms that formed the original bond (represented by single headed curly arrows)

Question 5

whats the functional group of an alkane

Answer 5

C-C

Question 6

functional group of alkene

Answer 6

C=C

Question 7

functional group of alcohol (hydroxyl)

Answer 7

OH

Question 8

functional group of aldehydes

Answer 8

H-C=O

Question 9

functional group of ketones

Answer 9

C=O

Question 10

functional groups of carboxylic acids

Answer 10

HO-C=O

Question 11

what does aliphatic mean

Answer 11

carbon atoms are arranged in an unbranched structure

Question 12

what does alicylic mean

Answer 12

carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure

Question 13

what does aromatic mean

Answer 13

all or some carbons are found in a benzene ring

Question 14

general formulas of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

Answer 14

alkanes - CnH2n+2
alkenes - CnH2n
alkynes - CnH2n-2

Question 15

suffix group of alkane

Answer 15

ane

Question 16

suffix group of alkene

Answer 16

ene

Question 17

suffix group of alcohol

Answer 17

ol

Question 18

suffix group of aldehyde

Answer 18

al

Question 19

suffix group of kentone

Answer 19

one

Question 20

suffix group of carboxylic acid

Answer 20

oic acid

Question 21

what happens as chain length increases

Answer 21

boiling point increases

Question 22

what do curly arrows show

Answer 22

movement of electrons

Question 23

what is an isomer?

Answer 23

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms

Question 24

what is a structural isomer?

Answer 24

different structural arrangement of atoms - can be branched or straight chains

Question 25

what is a positional isomer?

Answer 25

molecules have a functional group at a different position on the chain

Question 26

what is a functional group isomer?

Answer 26

different arrangement of the same molecular formula so the molecule has a different functional group

Question 27

what is a stereoisomer?

Answer 27

different spatial arrangement. e.g. E,Z isomerism

Question 28

what is E,Z isomerism?

Answer 28

limited rotation around a double carbon bond can either be together or apart

Question 29

what is the E isomer?

Answer 29

groups are apart - on different sides of the double bond

Question 30

what is the Z isomer?

Answer 30

groups are together - on the same side of the double bond

Question 31

what is chain isomerism

Answer 31

hydrocarbon chain organised differently (branched chain)