Functional Groups

Question 1

Order functional groups by priority from lowest priority to highest priority.

Answer 1

Alkanes<Alynes=Alkenes (unless cyclic structure)<Alcohols<Ketones<Aldehydes<Amides<Esters<Anhydrides<Carboxylic Acids

Question 2

What is the highest priority functional group?

Answer 2

Carboxylic acid

Question 3

How are functional groups organized?

Answer 3

Oxidation state

Question 4

What is the prefix and suffix for alkanes?

Answer 4

Prefix: alkyl- Suffix: -ane

Question 5

What is the prefix and suffix for alkynes?

Answer 5

Prefix: alkynyl- Suffix: -yne

Question 6

What is the prefix and suffix for alkenes?

Answer 6

Prefix: alkenyl- Suffix: -ene

Question 7

What is the prefix and suffix for alcohols?

Answer 7

Prefix: hydroxy- Suffix: -ol

Question 8

What is the prefix and suffix for ketones?

Answer 8

Prefix: oxo-, keto- Suffix: -one

Question 9

What is the prefix and suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 9

Prefix: oxo- Suffix: -al

Question 10

What is the prefix and suffix for amides?

Answer 10

Prefix: amido- Suffix: -amide

Question 11

What is the prefix and suffix for esters?

Answer 11

Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl- Suffix: -oate

Question 12

What is the prefix and suffix for anhydrides?

Answer 12

Prefix: alkanoloxycarbonyl Suffix: -anhydride

Question 13

What is the prefix and suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 13

Prefix: carboxy- Suffix: -oic acid

Question 14

What is the formula for alkanes?

Answer 14

CnH(2n+2)

Question 15

What is a diol?

Answer 15

A molecule that contains two hydroxyl groups.

Question 16

What is a vicinal diol?

Answer 16

A vicinal diol has two hydroxyl groups located on adjacent carbon atoms.

Question 17

What is a geminal diol?

Answer 17

A geminal diol has two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon atom.

Question 18

What is a carbonyl group?

Answer 18

C=O, a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen atom

Question 19

What is the common name for methanal?

Answer 19

formaldehyde

Question 20

What is the common name for ethanal?

Answer 20

acetaldehyde

Question 21

What is the common name for propanal?

Answer 21

propionaldehyde

Question 22

How are the common names for ketones constructed?

Answer 22

Naming alkyl groups alphabetically and adding ketone

Question 23

What is the smallest ketone?

Answer 23

Acetone

Question 24

What is the IUPAC name for the smallest ketone?

Answer 24

Propanone

Question 25

What is the lettering scheme for carbons in carbonyl-containing compounds?

Answer 25

The carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group is the alpha-carbon.

Question 26

What are the carbonyl-containing functional groups?

Answer 26

Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, anhydrides, esters

Question 27

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

Answer 27

An aldehyde has a carbonyl group on the terminal carbon that is also attached to a hydrogen atom. A ketone has a carbonyl group on a nonterminal carbon.

Question 28

How are anhydrides formed?

Answer 28

An anhydride is formed from two carboxylic acids by dehydration.

Question 29

What is a phosphate group?

Answer 29

A phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; with one of the oxygen atoms double bonded to the phosphate, and the three other oxygen atoms single bonded to the phosphate, one of the oxygen atoms should be bonded to another atom