Organic Chemistry Booklet 1

Question 1

Name these common nomenclatures.
Nu
E
R
Ar
Ph
Me

Answer 1

Nu = nucleophile
E = Common electophile
R = A group of atoms (rest of molecule)
Ar = General Aryl ring
Ph = phenyl ring (C6H5)
Me = Methyl group

Question 2

Describe an electrophile.

Answer 2

Typically electron deficient and accept electron density to form a bond.
Neutral electrophiles have some form of polarisation.
Cationic electrophiles will lose or redistribute their charge upon reaction.

Question 3

How can the reactivity of electrophiles be increased?

Answer 3

Addition of a bronsted or lewis acid.

Question 4

Describe a nucleophile.

Answer 4

Possess electron density that can be used to form a bond with an electrophile.
The strongest nucleophiles often have a negative charge while others have a lone pair of electrons.

Question 5

describe an E alkene.

Answer 5

E alkenes have the higher priority substituents on different sides.

Question 6

Describe a Z Alkene.

Answer 6

Z alkenes have the higher priority substituents on the same side.

Question 7

what reagants may be used fo the dihydoxilation of alkenes?

Answer 7

KMnO4

OsO4

Question 8

cycloalkanes ae oxidised from what?

Answer 8

cis- 1,2diols

Question 9

alkens + mcpba =

Answer 9

epoxoides

Question 10

electrophiles add to the carbon wiht the most hydogen atoms attached to each other is known as?

Answer 10

markovnikovs rule