Organic chemistry - Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids and Macromolecules

Question 1

Name the alcohol with 1 carbon atom.

Answer 1

methanol

Question 2

State the structural formula of propanol.

Answer 2

CH3CH2CH2OH (reject any molecular formula e.g. C3H8O)

Question 3

Are alcohols soluble in water?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Are alcohols alkalis?

Answer 4

no [the OH group is not basic; alcohols are neutral]

Question 5

In the presence of an oxidising agent, what is ethanol oxidised to?

Answer 5

ethanoic acid

Question 6

State two methods to produce ethanol.

Answer 6

hydration of ethene and fermentation of carbohydrates

Question 7

What are the conditions to manufacture ethanol from ethene?

Answer 7

300 degree Celsius, 60 atm, phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 8

What are the conditions to manufacture ethanol from the fermentation of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

37 degree Celsius, absence of oxygen (anaerobic)

Question 9

What gas is produced as a result of fermentation of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

carbon dioxide

Question 10

State two uses of ethanol.

Answer 10

alcoholic drinks OR
solvent OR
fuel

(any 2)

Question 11

What is the structural formula for ethanoic acid?

Answer 11

CH3COOH (reject molecular formula C2H4O2)

Question 12

What carboxylic acid is present in vinegar?

Answer 12

ethanoic acid

Question 13

What are the products formed when ethanoic acid reacts with zinc?

Answer 13

zinc ethanoate and hydrogen

*salts of ethanoic acid are ethanoates

Question 14

What are the products formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

Answer 14

sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide and water

Question 15

What organic compound is formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid?

Answer 15

ester

Question 16

What is the name of the ester formed when ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid?

Answer 16

ethyl ethanoate

Question 17

What is the name of the ester formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid?

Answer 17

methyl propanoate

*first part of name refers to alcohol used, second part of name refers to carboxylic acid used

Question 18

What alcohol and carboxylic acid is used to make propyl methanoate?

Answer 18

alcohol - propanol

carboxylic acid - methanoic acid

Question 19

What is the catalyst used during esterifcation between an alcohol and carboxylic acid?

Answer 19

concentrated sulfuric acid (reject if concentrated is not stated)

Question 20

State a use of esters.

Answer 20

solvents OR
cosmetics OR
artificial food flavourings OR
perfumes

(any 1 or any other valid answer)

Question 21

State an example of a natural polymer.

Answer 21

proteins OR
starch OR
fats

(any 1 or any other valid answer)

Question 22

State an example of a synthetic polymer.

Answer 22

poly(ethene) OR
nylon OR
terylene OR
Polyvinyl chloride

(any 1 or any other valid answer)

Question 23

What is ‘addition polymerisation’?

Answer 23

process of forming a polymer when monomer units join together without losing any molecules or atoms

Question 24

What is ‘condensation polymerisation’?

Answer 24

process of forming a polymer when monomer units join together and a small molecule (e.g. HCl or H2O) is produced

Question 25

Name a condensation polymer.

Answer 25

nylon OR
terylene

(any 1 or any other valid answer)

Question 26

Name an addition polymer.

Answer 26

poly(ethene)

or any other valid answer

Question 27

What is the monomer used to make poly(propene)?

Answer 27

propene

Question 28

What linkage is present in terylene?

Answer 28

ester linkage

Question 29

What are the monomers used to make nylon?

Answer 29

diamine and dicarboxylic acid

Question 30

What is meant by the term ‘non-biodegradable’?

Answer 30

cannot be decomposed by bacteria in the soil