Organic chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon
What carbon bonds do alkanes have?
Single bonds. C-C
What are the first four alkanes called?
Methane, ethane, propane and butane.
What properties change as hydrocarbon chains get longer?
More viscous, less volatile, less flammable.
What is used to separate hydrocarbon fractions?
Fractional distillation can be used for crude oil which is a mixture.
How does fractional distillation work?
The oil is heated and it turns into a gas and it enters a fractional column. It is hot at the bottom and gets cooler when increasing - the longer hydrocarbons have high boiling points and condense back to liquids early on. Shorter hydrocarbons condense and drain out later on near the top.
What are uses for crude oil?
Fuel for transport, lubricants, solvents and detergents.
What is cracking?
It is when you split up hydrocarbons into smaller chains.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
Why are they different to alkanes?
They have a double carbon bond. C=C, They are also more reactive as there are fewer bonds - they are also unsaturated.
