Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
Study of compounds containing carbon
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only
What is a homologous series?
Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula.
What is covalent bond?
A chemical bond that involves sharing electrons between a pair of electrons
What is the molecular formula?
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in that molecule
What is the empirical formula?
Formula that gives the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is the general formula?
Shows number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms. All the molecules in a homologous series have the same general formula
What is the structural formula?
Shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule
What is the displayed formula?
Shows all the bonds and atoms in a molecule
What is the skeletal formula?
Uses lines to represent bonds. Each point represents the C atoms. H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not usually shown. Other different ones are.
How many covalent bonds does carbon form?
4
What does -ane tell you about the bond?
no double bond
What does -ene tell you about the bonds?
Double bonds
What are the names of the side chain prefixes?
- methyl - propyl - ethyl -butyl
Name this compound.
2-methyl-butane
What type of prefixes do ring moelcules have?
Cyclo
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms where when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties.
What is a structural isomer?
Compunds with the same molecular formula different structures
What is a chain isomer?
Compound with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton
What is a position isomer?
Compunds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton
What is a functional group isomer?
Compound with the same moelcular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups.
Name this compound.
1-dichloro- ethane
What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula of an alkene?
CnH2n
Name this compound.
But-1-ene
What are stereoisomers?
They have the same structural formulae but have a different spatial arrangement of atoms.
When do E-S stereoisomers arise?
Restricted rotation around the c=c double bond
Two different groups/atoms attached both ends of the double bond
What is the priority group?
Atom with the bigger atomic number.
Draw what E-Z isomerism is.
