Organic Chemistry

Question 1

what is empirical formula

Answer 1

simplest whole number ratio of atoms

Question 2

what is molecular formula

Answer 2

true number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

what is general formula

Answer 3

all members of a homologous series follow a general formula

Question 4

what is structural formula

Answer 4

shows arrangement of atoms within a molecule (CH3-CH2)

Question 5

what is displayed formula

Answer 5

shows every atom and bond in an organic compound (H-C-C-H)

Question 6

what is skeletal formula

Answer 6

shows only the bonds in a compound and any non carbon atoms. vertices are c atoms (hydrogen assumed to be bonded to them unless stated otherwise)

Question 7

what is a homologous series

Answer 7

a series of compounds containing the same functional group
same general formula
consecutive members differ by CH2
similar chem+physical properties

Question 8

prefix for 1

Answer 8

meth

Question 9

prefix for 2

Answer 9

eth

Question 10

prefix for 3

Answer 10

prop

Question 11

prefix for 4

Answer 11

but

Question 12

prefix for 5

Answer 12

pent

Question 13

prefix for 6

Answer 13

hex

Question 14

alkane functional group

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

alkane suffix

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

alkene functional group

Answer 16

C=C

Question 17

alkene suffix

Answer 17

-ene

Question 18

halogenoalkanes functional group

Answer 18

C-X

X=halogen

Question 19

halogenoalkane prefixes

Answer 19

chloro-
iodo-
bromo-
fluoro-

Question 20

halogenoalkane suffix

Answer 20

-ane

Question 21

alcohols functional group

Answer 21

-COOH

Question 22

alcohol suffix

Answer 22

-ol

Question 23

how to name organic compounds

Answer 23

1) count longest consecutive carbon chain, decide prefix
2) look for f group, decide suffix
3) number f group
4) look for any other things attached to chain
5) number additional things

Question 24

what is isomerism

Answer 24

molecules w the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

Question 25

what is structural isomerism

Answer 25

• same molecular formula, different structural formula

- straight or branched chains

Question 26

what is position isomerism

Answer 26

same f group attached to main chain at different points

Question 27

what is functional group isomerism

Answer 27

different f groups

Question 28

what is chain isomerism

Answer 28

hydrocarbon chain attached differently

Question 29

define stereoisomerism

Answer 29

when 2 or more compounds have the same structural formula but differ by the arrangements of the bonds in space

Question 30

define E-Z isomerism

Answer 30

form of stereoisomerism, occurs as a result of restricted rotation about the planar c=c double bond

Question 31

E-Z isomerism, same side = ?

Answer 31

Z

Question 32

E-Z isomerism, opposite side= ?

Answer 32

E

Question 33

why cant you have E-Z isomerism for single bonds?

Answer 33

groups can not rotate around single bond

Question 34

free radical mechanisms

Answer 34

unpaired electron represented by dot

no curly arrows

Question 35

other mechanisms

Answer 35

• formation of c bond shown by curly arrow, starts from a lone electron pair or from another covalent bond
• breaking of c bond shown by curly arrow starting from bond

Question 36

homolytic fission

Answer 36

when bond breaks, each electron in bond goes to different atom, results in free radicals

Question 37

heterolytic fission

Answer 37

when bond breaks, both electrons go to same atom, results in formation of + and - ion