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biology 1 > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of carbon compounds

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2
Q

carbon

A

what all living organisms mainly consist of
basis of life
4 valence electrons- can form 4 bonds

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3
Q

how does carbon bond

A

covanlently

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4
Q

functional groups

A

things that are very important for chemistry

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5
Q

ex of functional groups

A

hydroxyl, phosphate, carboxyl, amino

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6
Q

hydroxyl group

A

N and OH

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7
Q

phosphate group

A

H3

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8
Q

carboxyl group

A

COOH

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9
Q

amino group

A

NH2

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10
Q

ex of an amino acid

A

vinegar

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11
Q

ATP

A

uses organic phosphate
stores energy
when reacts with water releases energy

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12
Q

enantiomer

A

mirror images to each other

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13
Q

isomers

A

when you have 2 carbon chains that have the same chemical formula but are diff in structure

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14
Q

sistransisomers

A

trans- funtional groups appears on opposite ends

sis- funtional group appear on same side

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15
Q

macromolecule

A

large molecules

every living things are made up of macromolecules

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16
Q

4 main types of macromolecules

A
  1. carbohydates
  2. lipids
  3. nucleic acid
  4. proteins
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17
Q

polymers

A

large molecules

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18
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

how molumers build up to be polymers

removes water molecule forming a new bond

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19
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down a polymer

add water

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20
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars build up more sugars

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21
Q

simple forms of sugar

A

mono and di

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22
Q

complex sugar

A

polly

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23
Q

what form are sugars in

A

a ring

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24
Q

starch

A

polly
consist of glucosse
how plants store sugar

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25
Q

glycogen

A

and humans and annimals store sugars

breaks down glycogen through hydrolysis in the process releasing glucosse

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26
Q

cellulose

A

part of a plant cell wall

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27
Q

can humans break down cellulose

A

no

28
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

how sugars link

29
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic

form non polar covalent bonds

30
Q

fats

A

fatty acids and glycerol

31
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

32
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

all hydrogen position are taken
non double bond
more solid at room temp

33
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

have double bond

not all hydrogen position are taken

34
Q

which is better saturated or non saturated fatty acids

A

unsaturated fatty acids

35
Q

trans double bond

A

orriente around double bond

36
Q

which is worse trans fats or saturates fats

A

trans fats

37
Q

what do fats store

A

energy

38
Q

phospholipids

A

phosphate head polar

lipids tails non polar

39
Q

cell membrane

A

a bilayer of phospholipids

40
Q

do steriods rely on fatty acids

A

no

41
Q

how many fused rings do lipids have

A

4

42
Q

can we live without steriods

A

no

43
Q

cholesterol

A

a type of steriods

44
Q

how many % of body mass does proteins make up

A

more then 50

45
Q

what are proteins made up of

A

2 amino acids

46
Q

what do proteins form

A

polypeptyde bonds

47
Q

4 structures of proteins

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. teritiary
  4. coronary
48
Q

primary structure

A

one long line of amino acids

49
Q

secondary structure

A

found in most proteins

50
Q

2 types of secondary proteins

A

alpha hellis and beta pleated sheets

51
Q

ex of secondary structure

A

collagen

52
Q

teritary structure

A

interaction among chains

53
Q

ex of teriratary structure

A

enzymes

54
Q

coronary structure

A

when 2 or more chains are put together

55
Q

ex of coronary structure

A

hemoglobin

56
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins

57
Q

what are functional groups written as

A

R

58
Q

diff types of proteins

A 
enzymes
antibodies
storage proteins
transport proteins
hormonal proteins
receptor proteins
59
Q

enzymes

A

spead up chemical reaction

60
Q

storage proteins

A

stored amino acids

61
Q

ex of transport proteins

A

hemoglobin

62
Q

nucleotide

A

monomers of nucleic acid

63
Q

DNA

A

directs synthesis of messenger RNA

64
Q

what makes up nucelotide

A

nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
phosphate group

65
Q

nitrogenous base

A

A-T

C-G

66
Q

organic compound

A

compound compound

biology 1 (4 decks)

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