Halogenation e.g. C6H14 + Br2 (in UV light) produces what?

C6H13Br + HBr (mono substitution)

Organic Chemistry Flashcards by Jocelyn Winters

What is this general formula for?

C_nH_2n+2

alkanes

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What is the general formula for alkanes?

C_nH_2n+2

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What is this general formula for?

C_nH_2n

Alkenes

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What is the general formula for alkenes?

C_nH_2n

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What is this general formula for?

C_nH_2n-2

Alkynes

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What is the general formula for alkynes?

C_nH_n-2

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What is this general formula for?

C_nH_2n+1OH

Alcohols

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What is the general formula for alcohols?

C_nH_2n+1OH

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Name this Functional group

Alkene

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Name the functional group

Alkyne

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Name the functional group

Alcohol (1°)

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Name the functional group

Haloalkane

(bomoalkane)

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Name the functional group

Carboxylic acid

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Name the functional group

Amine

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Name the functional group

Sodium salt of carboxylic acid

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Name the functional group

Haloalkane

(chloroalkane)

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Type of reaction

Hydrogenation

(with Pt catalyst)

Addition of H₂

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Type of reaction

Hydration

(H₂O/H⁺)

Addition of water

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Type of reaction

Substitution

Exchange atom for another

(Cl₂/Br₂)

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Type of reaction

Addition (H₂O, H₂, Cl₂, Br₂, HCl, HBr, etc.)

Add atoms of molecule across double bond

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Type of reaction

Fill in the gaps

Polymerisation is the process where ______ join to form a _________.

Monomers

polymer

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Type of reaction

Dehydration

Removal of water

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Type of reaction

between amine + HCl

Acid-base or neutralisation

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Type of reaction

between carboxylic acid + NaOH

Acid-base or neutralisation

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**Type of reaction** Elinimation (from alcohol)

Alcohol → alkene

**Type of reaction** Dehydration (of an alcohol) - also an elimination reaction

Alcohol → alkene

Orange Br water is rapidly decolourised by [1] but slowly by [2] (needs UV light)

[1] alkenes [2] alkanes

Purple acidified MnO₄^-is decolourised by [1] but **not** by [2]

[1] Alkene [2] alkane

What type of formula is this?

Structural - expanded

What type of formula is this? CH₃CH(OH)CH₃

Structural - condensed

**Halogenation** of an alkane e.g. C₆H₁₄ + Br₂needs _________ and/or ________ to occur.

UV light / heat

Halogenation e.g. C₆H₁₄+ Br₂ (in UV light) produces what?

C₆H₁₃Br + HBr | (mono substitution)

IUPAC naming CH_3- C₂H_5- C₃H_7-

Methyl Ethyl Propyl

IUPAC naming C₄H_9- C5H₁₁_- C₆H_13-

Butyl Pentyl Hexyl

Addition of HX or H₂O (H-OH) to asymmetric alkene: H add to the carbon that has oust Hs already

Markovnikov's Rule

Useful saying to remember Markovnikov's Rule for addition of HX/ H₂0 to an asymmetric alkene

"The rich the richer"

Reaction of H⁺ / MnO₄^- with alkenes What is the product?

A diol e.g. CH₂(OH)CH₂OH

Reaction of H+ / MnO4- with alkenes What Would be observed?

Purple colour is decolourised

Polymerisation n(C₂H₄) polymerises to form what?

-(C₂H₄)-_n polyethene

Polymerisation n(C3H₆) polymerises to form what?

-(C₃H₆)-_n polypropene

Name the molecular formula family of the image.

ethylene C₂H₂ alkyne

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

Secondary

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

Primary

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

Tertiary

Reagent & condtions What is needed to oxidise a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid?

Heat with H⁺/Cr₂O₇^2- or H⁺ / MnO₄^-

Reagent & conditions What is needed to eliminate H₂O from an alcohol?

Heat with conc. H₂SO₄

Reagents & conditions What is needed to hydrate an alkene? (turn alkene to alcohol)

H⁺ / H₂O

Reagent & conditions What is needed to make an amine from a haloalkane?

Conc. NH₃(alc)

What saying is useful to remember Saytzeff's rule for removal of HX / H₂O from R-OH or R-Cl?

"The poorer get poorer"

Removal of HX from an asymmetric haloalkane: H lost from carbon that has least H...

Saytzeff's rule

Removal of H₂O from an asymmetric alcohol: H lost from carbon that has least H...

Saytzeff's rule

What organic compounds, often with a fishy smell, turn red litmus blue?

Amines

C-C single bond remains a C-C single bond but an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

Substitution reaction

C-C single bond becomes a C=C double bond & two atoms or small groups are removed from a molecule.

Elimination reaction

C=C double bond forms a C-C single bond in its place as well as forming tow new single bonds

Addition reaction

Reactions & conditions What is needed to convert R-OH into R-Cl?

Use PCl₃, PCl₅ or SOCl₂

Reaction of CH₃COOH with a reactive metal like Mg

(CH₃COO)₂Mg + H₂ gas

Reaction of CH₃COOH with sodium carbonate Na₂CO₃

CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂gas

Reactions of carboxylic acids with UI paper or litmus

UI turns orange, blue litmus turns red due to H⁺

Reactions of carboxylic acids with NaOH or Na₂CO₃ or NaHCO₃ are...

Acid-base reactions

Is the image cis or trans?

Cis-but-2-ene

Is the image cis or trans?

Trans-but-2-ene

Is the image cis or trans?

Cis-pent-2-ene

Is the image cis or trans?

Trans-pent-2-ene

Removal of H₂O from R-OH or HCl from R-Cl produces...

An alkene

What have the same molecular formula, different arrangement of atoms e.g. C₃H₇OH as 1º & 2º alcohol

Structural isomers

# Fill in the gap \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ isomers have the same molecular formula but different sequence in the atoms are joined.

Structural

# Fill in the gap \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ isomers can accuracies in molecules with double bonds because rotation of the atoms in the carbon double bond in restricted.

Geometrical / cis-trans

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

Secondary

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

Primary

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

Tertiary

# Fill in the gap Cis-trans isomers must have ____________ different groups attached to each of the carbon - carbon double bond is restricted.

Two

Reagets and conditions What is needed to convert R-Cl into R-OH (substitution)

Heat with KOH (aq) or NaOH(aq)

What is needed to convert R-Cl into an alkene? (elimination)

Heat with KOH (aq) or NaOH (aq)

# Fill in the gaps Reagents PCl3 PCl₅ SOCl₂ can convert _____ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Alcohol to haloakane

Reagent & conditions To convert R-Cl into R-NH₂ (substitution)

Heat with NH₃(alc)

Reactions of amines with UI paper or litmus

UI turns blue, blue litmus stays blue due to OH^-

C_nH_2n+1NH₂ Is the general formula for what?

Amines