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NCEA Level 2 Organic Chem > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is this general formula for?

CnH2n+2

A

alkanes

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2
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is this general formula for?

CnH2n

A

Alkenes

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4
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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5
Q

What is this general formula for?

CnH2n-2

A

Alkynes

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6
Q

What is the general formula for alkynes?

A

CnHn-2

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7
Q

What is this general formula for?

CnH2n+1OH

A

Alcohols

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8
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

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9
Q

Name this Functional group

A

Alkene

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10
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alkyne

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11
Q

Name the functional group

A

Alcohol (1°)

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12
Q

Name the functional group

A

Haloalkane

(bomoalkane)

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13
Q

Name the functional group

A

Carboxylic acid

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14
Q

Name the functional group

A

Amine

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15
Q

Name the functional group

A

Sodium salt of carboxylic acid

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16
Q

Name the functional group

A

Haloalkane

(chloroalkane)

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17
Q

Type of reaction

Hydrogenation

(with Pt catalyst)

A

Addition of H2

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18
Q

Type of reaction

Hydration

(H2O/H+)

A

Addition of water

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19
Q

Type of reaction

Substitution

A

Exchange atom for another

(Cl2/Br2)

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20
Q

Type of reaction

Addition (H2O, H2, Cl2, Br2, HCl, HBr, etc.)

A

Add atoms of molecule across double bond

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21
Q

Type of reaction

Fill in the gaps

Polymerisation is the process where ______ join to form a _________.

A

Monomers

polymer

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22
Q

Type of reaction

Dehydration

A

Removal of water

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23
Q

Type of reaction

between amine + HCl

A

Acid-base or neutralisation

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24
Q

Type of reaction

between carboxylic acid + NaOH

A

Acid-base or neutralisation

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25
Q

Type of reaction

Elinimation (from alcohol)

A

Alcohol → alkene

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26
Q

Type of reaction

Dehydration (of an alcohol) - also an elimination reaction

A

Alcohol → alkene

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27
Q

Orange Br water is rapidly decolourised by

[1] but slowly by [2] (needs UV light)

A

[1] alkenes

[2] alkanes

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28
Q

Purple acidified MnO4- is decolourised by [1] but not by [2]

A

[1] Alkene

[2] alkane

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29
Q

What type of formula is this?

A

Structural - expanded

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30
Q

What type of formula is this?

CH3CH(OH)CH3

A

Structural - condensed

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31
Q

Halogenation

of an alkane e.g. C6H14 + Br2 needs _________ and/or ________ to occur.

A

UV light / heat

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32
Q

Halogenation

e.g. C6H14 + Br2 (in UV light) produces what?

A

C6H13Br + HBr

(mono substitution)

33
Q

IUPAC naming

CH3-

C2H5-

C3H7-

A

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

34
Q

IUPAC naming

C4H9-

C5H11-

C6H13-

A

Butyl

Pentyl

Hexyl

35
Q

Addition of HX or H2O (H-OH) to asymmetric alkene:

H add to the carbon that has oust Hs already

A

Markovnikov’s Rule

36
Q

Useful saying to remember Markovnikov’s Rule for addition of HX/ H20 to an asymmetric alkene

A

“The rich the richer”

37
Q

Reaction of H+ / MnO4- with alkenes

What is the product?

A

A diol e.g. CH2(OH)CH2OH

38
Q

Reaction of H+ / MnO4- with alkenes

What Would be observed?

A

Purple colour is decolourised

39
Q

Polymerisation

n(C2H4) polymerises to form what?

A

-(C2H4)-n

polyethene

40
Q

Polymerisation

n(C3H6) polymerises to form what?

A

-(C3H6)-n

polypropene

41
Q

Name the molecular formula family of the image.

A

ethylene

C2H2

alkyne

42
Q

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

A

Secondary

43
Q

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

A

Primary

44
Q

What is the class of alcohol in the image?

A

Tertiary

45
Q

Reagent & condtions

What is needed to oxidise a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid?

A

Heat with H+/Cr2O72- or H+ / MnO4-

46
Q

Reagent & conditions

What is needed to eliminate H2O from an alcohol?

A

Heat with conc. H2SO4

47
Q

Reagents & conditions

What is needed to hydrate an alkene?

(turn alkene to alcohol)

A

H+ / H2O

48
Q

Reagent & conditions

What is needed to make an amine from a haloalkane?

A

Conc. NH3 (alc)

49
Q

What saying is useful to remember Saytzeff’s rule for removal of HX / H2O from R-OH or R-Cl?

A

“The poorer get poorer”

50
Q

Removal of HX from an asymmetric haloalkane:

H lost from carbon that has least H…

A

Saytzeff’s rule

51
Q

Removal of H2O from an asymmetric alcohol:

H lost from carbon that has least H…

A

Saytzeff’s rule

52
Q

What organic compounds, often with a fishy smell, turn red litmus blue?

A

Amines

53
Q

C-C single bond remains a C-C single bond but an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

A

Substitution reaction

54
Q

C-C single bond becomes a C=C double bond & two atoms or small groups are removed from a molecule.

A

Elimination reaction

55
Q

C=C double bond forms a C-C single bond in its place as well as forming tow new single bonds

A

Addition reaction

56
Q

Reactions & conditions

What is needed to convert R-OH into R-Cl?

A

Use PCl3, PCl5 or SOCl2

57
Q

Reaction of CH3COOH with a reactive metal like Mg

A

(CH3COO)2Mg + H2 gas

58
Q

Reaction of CH3COOH with sodium carbonate

Na2CO3

A

CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 gas

59
Q

Reactions of carboxylic acids with UI paper or litmus

A

UI turns orange, blue litmus turns red due to H+

60
Q

Reactions of carboxylic acids with NaOH

or Na2CO3

or NaHCO3 are…

A

Acid-base reactions

61
Q

Is the image cis or trans?

A

Cis-but-2-ene

62
Q

Is the image cis or trans?

A

Trans-but-2-ene

63
Q

Is the image cis or trans?

A

Cis-pent-2-ene

64
Q

Is the image cis or trans?

A

Trans-pent-2-ene

65
Q

Removal of H2O from R-OH

or HCl from R-Cl produces…

A

An alkene

66
Q

What have the same molecular formula, different arrangement of atoms e.g. C3H7OH as 1º & 2º alcohol

A

Structural isomers

67
Q

Fill in the gap

_____________ isomers have the same molecular formula but different sequence in the atoms are joined.

A

Structural

68
Q

Fill in the gap

_____________ isomers can accuracies in molecules with double bonds because rotation of the atoms in the carbon double bond in restricted.

A

Geometrical / cis-trans

69
Q

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

A

Secondary

70
Q

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

A

Primary

71
Q

What is the classification of haloalkane is the image?

A

Tertiary

72
Q

Fill in the gap

Cis-trans isomers must have ____________ different groups attached to each of the carbon - carbon double bond is restricted.

A

Two

73
Q

Reagets and conditions

What is needed to convert R-Cl into R-OH

(substitution)

A

Heat with KOH (aq) or NaOH(aq)

74
Q

What is needed to convert R-Cl into an alkene?

(elimination)

A

Heat with KOH (aq) or NaOH (aq)

75
Q

Fill in the gaps

Reagents

PCl3

PCl5

SOCl2

can convert _____ to ________

A

Alcohol to

haloakane

76
Q

Reagent & conditions

To convert R-Cl into R-NH2

(substitution)

A

Heat with NH3 (alc)

77
Q

Reactions of amines with UI paper or litmus

A

UI turns blue, blue litmus stays blue due to OH-

78
Q

CnH2n+1NH2

Is the general formula for what?

A

Amines

NCEA Level 2 Organic Chem (1 decks)

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