Organic Chemistry Flashcards
General Formula
The simplest algebraic equation of a homologous series
Structural formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Displayed formula
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing CH2
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristics reactions of a compound
Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in a straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Saturated
Single carbon-carbon bonds only
Unsaturated
The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including C=C, C=-C and aromatic rings
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Homolytic fission
In terms of each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals
Heterolytic fission
In terms of one bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair
Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Curly arrow
The movement of an electron pair, showing either heterolytic fission or formation of a covalent bond
Stereoisomer
Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in 3-D space
E/Z isomerism
Free rotation is restricted around the double bond so the side with the highest priority can be chosen on a side
Cis-Trans Isomerism
When the groups on either side are the same
Catalyst for Alkenes addition with hydrogen
Nickel
How to form alcohols from alkene
Phosphoric Acid and steam
Electrophile
Attracted to negatively charged things
An electron pair acceptor
Why are alcohols soluble
The OH group makes the molecule polar meaning it is attracted to the polar water molecules. Furthermore the OH group can hydrogen bond with the wtpater making it extra soluble
Oxidising agent for oxidation of alcohols
Cr2O7 2- /H+
K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4
Oxidation of primary alcohols under distillation
Aldehyde
Oxidation of secondary alcohol under reflux
Ketone
Oxidation of primary alcohol under reflux
Carboxylic Acid
Nucleophile
An electron pair donor
