Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is Organic Chemistry?
Chemistry of carbon chemicals and compounds
Hydrocarbons…
Are a branch of organic chemistry that contains only carbons and hydrogens
Naming Alkanes…
- Are a type of hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds
- When being named the suffix is “ane”
- Prefix is determined by the # of carbon atoms i.e meth-, eth-, prop-
Branched Alkanes…
- Name of branch is determined by the amount of carbon atoms
- Saturated hydrocarbons
- Prefixes are methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl
Naming Branched Chains …
- Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain
- Identify and name any groups attached to this chain
- Number the chain, starting at the end nearest the branched group
- Designate the location of each branch by an appropriate number and name
- Put name together
Naming Organic Halides…
- Compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by halogen atom
- Considered a branch group
- The branch is named by shortening the halogen name to fluro-, chloro-, bromo- or iodo-
Nitro Groups…
-NO2 braches are named Nitro groups
Amino Groups…
NH2 braches are named Amino groups
Alkenes…
Contain at least 1 double bond
Unsaturated bonds
Suffix “ene”
Naming Branched Chain Alkenes and Alkyns..
- Name the parent chain starting at the double bond
- The location of double bonds is indicated by the prefixes “di-, tri-“
- Name braches
- Put it all together to get name
List from most reactive to least: Alkanes, Alkynes, Alkenes and Aromatic
Alkynes > Alkenes > Aromatic > Alkanes
Alkynes…
- Contains 1 triple carbon bond
- Unsaturated
- Suffix “yne”
What are the 5 reactions of hydrocarbons?
- Combustion
- In Complete Combustion
- Dipole-Dipole Interactions
- Hydrogen Bonding
- London Dispersion Forces
Combustion…
-Hydrocarbons burn in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete Combustion…
-Produces carbon and poisonous carbon monoxide
Dipole-dipole Interactions…
- Electrostatic attraction between molecules
- Polar and polar
London Dispersion Forces…
- Weakest molecular force
- Non-polar, Non-polar
Naming Alcohols…
- Locate and name the longest parent chain with an OH attached
- Replace the “-e” on the parent chain with “-ol-“
- Number the longest chain starting closest to where the OH is attached
Based on the position of the hydroxyl group it can either be…
Primary, secondary and tertiary
Primary…
The hydroxyl group bonding to a carbon that is bonded only to one other carbon atom
Secondary…
The hydroxyl group bonding to a carbon that is only bonded to two other carbons
Tertiary…
The hydroxyl group bonds to a carbon that is bonded to three other carbon atoms
Naming Amines…
- Name the largest alkyl chain attached to nitrogen as the parent alkane
2.
Structural Isomers…
-Same chemical formula, but different connectivity of the carbon-carbon backbone
Geometric Isomers…
-Same chemical formula. but different arrangement about the double bond
Halogenation…
Bromine test for presence of multiple bond
Hydrogenation..
Hydrogen adds to a multiple bond
Hydrohalogenation
Hydrogen and halogen add across a multiple bond
