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Edexcel GCSE C3 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

(1) Which of the following is the formula for a molecule of butane?

A

C4H10

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2
Q

(2) Draw the structure of a molecule of propene, showing all covalent bonds.

A 
one C=C in a molecule with three
consecutive carbon atoms (1)
rest of structure correct, ignore
bond angles, conditional on first
marking point(1)
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3
Q

(1) Ethanol is converted into ethanoic acid. In this reaction, ethanol is

A

oxidised

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4
Q

(2) Describe what you would see when solid sodium carbonate is added to dilute
ethanoic acid.

A 
effervescence / fizzing /
bubbles of gas (1)
• solid {disappears/clears}
/(colourless)solution formed
(1)
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5
Q

(2) ) When ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol, one of the products is the ester, ethyl
ethanoate.
CH3COOH + C2H5OH → ……………………. + …………………

A

CH3COOC2H5/CH3COOCH2CH3 /
CH3CO2C2H5 / CH3CO2CH2CH3 /
C2H5O2CCH3 / CH3CH2OOCCH3 (1)
H2O (1)

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6
Q

(2) Ethanol can be produced by reacting ethene with steam.

Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

A

C2H+H2O= C2H5OH

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7
Q

(2) Describe how ethanol can be produced from sugar by fermentation.

A

dissolve sugar in solutio (1)
add yeast (1)
warm temp to range within 15 to 40 degree celcius (1)
anaerobic oxygen can enter the apparatus (1)

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8
Q

(3) A country has large amounts of available fertile land.
It has no reserves of crude oil.
It is not a wealthy country.
Explain why this country produces the ethanol it needs by fermentation rather
than from ethene

A 
Marking point 1 – sugar- one from
• sugar obtained from {plants
/crops/specific crop} (1)
• (plenty of) land available to grow
{plants /crops/specific crop} (for
fermentation)(1)
Marking point 2 - ethene
• ethene obtained from {crude oil /
fractional distillation /cracking}
(1)
Marking point 3 – cost/energy – one
from
• cannot afford to buy crude oil (1)
• crude oil is too expensive (1)
• more expensive to
{use/buy/produce} ethene (1)
• cheaper to use fermentation (1)
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9
Q

(2) Ethanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.
The first three members of the series are
methanol CH3OH
ethanol C2H5OH
propanol C3H7OH

Use the formulae of these molecules to explain why these alcohols are members
of the same homologous series.

A

formulae differ by CH2
• same general formula
• all have {OH/hydroxyl group}

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10
Q

(1) The conditions used for fermentation are

A

add yeast, temperature of
35o
C

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11
Q

(2) Ethanol, C2H5OH, is also produced by the reaction of ethene with steam.
Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

A

C2H4 (1) + H2O (1) → C2H5OH

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12
Q

(2) Describe what is meant by an homologous series.

A 
same general formula (1)
 same functional group (1)
 (consecutive) compounds
differ by CH2 (1)
 gradual variation in physical
properties (1)
 {similar / same} chemical
{properties / reactions} (1)
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13
Q

(1) Draw the structure of a molecule of methanol, CH3

OH.

A

allow –OH
allow correct dot and cross
diagram

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14
Q

(1) State the type of reaction that occurs when ethanol changes into ethanoic acid.

A

oxidation

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15
Q

(2) Describe what you would see when a piece of magnesium ribbon is added to
dilute ethanoic acid.

A

effervescence/fizzing/bubbling
(1)
 solid disappears (1)
 colourless solution (1)

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16
Q

(1) In hydrogenation of a liquid oil

A

the liquid oil is changed into

a solid

17
Q

(1) Which of the following would be a suitable alkali to use in the production of soaps?

A

sodium hydroxide

18
Q

(2) Explain how soap anions remove grease marks from clothes during washing
with water.

A 
tail / {hydrophobic /
hydrocarbon } end into grease
(1)
 head / {anion / hydrophilic}
end into water (1)
 allows grease to mix with
water when surrounded by
soap (anions) / grease is
surrounded by soap (1)
 surface tension lowered (1)
19
Q

(1) Give the name of the carboxylic acid that has three carbon atoms in each molecule.

A

propanoic (acid)

20
Q

(2) When ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, reacts with ethanol, C2H5OH, ethyl ethanoate
is one of the products formed.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction.

A

CH3COOH + C2H5OH 

CH3COOC2H5 (1) + H2O (1)

21
Q

(1) Polyesters are used to make plastic bottles.

State another use of polyesters.

A 
(making) fibres/fleece/clothing/
fabrics/bedding/computer mouse
mats/yarns/ropes/safety
belts/filters/insulating tape/wood
finishes/(plastic) carrier bags
22
Q

(1) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) ĺ NaCl(……..) + H2

O(……..)

A

aq, l

23
Q

(1) Which of the following would be a suitable alkali to use in the production of soaps?

A

sodium hydroxide

24
Q

(1) Give the molecular formula of ethyl ethanoate

A

C4H8O2

25
Q

(2) Write the word equation for the reaction of ethanol with another compound
to form ethyl ethanoate and another product.

A

ethanol + ethanoic acid → ethyl ethanoate + water (2)

26
Q

(1) Exposure to the vapour of ethyl ethanoate can cause you to feel dizzy
or to faint
Suggest why, despite this hazard, it is still safe to use ethyl ethanoate in
sweets.

A 
no vapour/ little vapour (given
off) / it is not a gas / it is a solid
(not vapour)
small amount/ concentration in
sweets
27
Q

(1) One of these oils is boiled with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
The mixture is poured into concentrated sodium chloride solution.
A white solid is formed.
What type of substance is the white solid?

A

soap

28
Q

(2) The white solid is formed in a mixture with a solution of other substances.
Describe how a pure sample of the white solid can be obtained from this
mixture.

A

filter / decant off water
(1)
 (then) wash/rinse (1)

29
Q

(1) Liquid oils can be converted into solid fats by hydrogenation.
In this reaction

A

unsaturated molecules in the liquid oil become saturated

30
Q

(2) Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of glucose.
Yeast is needed for the fermentation reaction.
State two other conditions for fermentation.

A 
dissolve the sugar/aqueous
solution (1)
 warm/ 25-40°C (1)
 in absence of air / no
oxygen/ anaerobic / attach
airlock (1)
 pH neutral / slightly acidic
/4-7
 sterile conditions
31
Q

(1) A dilute solution of ethanol can be converted to a concentrated solution
of ethanol by

A

fractional distillation

32
Q

(2) Write the balanced equation for the fermentation of glucose, C6
H12O6
.

A

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

2

33
Q

(2) In industry, ethene is converted to ethanol.

State two conditions for this reaction.

A 
(reacts with) steam (1)
 catalyst/phosphoric acid (1)
 high temperature / 200°C
- 4500C (1)
 high pressure/ 50-100 atm
(1)
34
Q

(3) A country has large reserves of crude oil.
It is a relatively wealthy country with a large population but it has only a small
amount of fertile land.
Explain why the country would prefer to produce its ethanol from ethene
rather than by fermentation.

A

LAND: country needs land for: farming / food
/ crops / homes /not enough land to grow
sugar crop for fermentation (1)
OIL SUPPLY: (reliable supply of) crude oil for
ethene (1)
SPEED: fermentation slow/batch; hydration
continuous/ fast (1)
PURITY: hydration makes {pure(r) ethanol /
high concentration} (1)
ATOM ECONOMY: higher atom economy for
ethene process (1)

35
Q

(2) Draw the structure of a molecule of propene, showing all bonds.

A

any 3 carbon molecule and one C=C (1)

fully correct molecule with all bonds (2)

Edexcel GCSE C3 (10 decks)

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