Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon.
What does unsaturated mean?
Unsaturated means it is a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
What does saturated mean?
Saturated means a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
What does general formula mean?
General Formula is an algebraic formula that gives the molecular formula of each member of a homologous series.
What is a structural isomer?
A structural isomer is a molecule that has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What is homologous series?
A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same general formula, functional group and chemical properties with each successive member differing by CH2
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Name the first five alkanes
methane ethane propane butane pentane
Bromine and methane will form …..
in what condition?
Bromine and methane will form bromomethane in UV light
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
Name the first 3 alkenes
ethene
propene
butene
In the process of fermentation What is the: root material? catalyst? temperature? pressure?
RM: sugar cane
C: yeast catalyst
T: 30-40 degrees
P: 1 atm
In the process of the hydration of ethene What is the: root material? catalyst? temperature? pressure?
RM: ethanol
C: phosphorus acid catalyst
T: 300 degrees
P: 60-70 atm
Name some advantages and disadvantages of fermentation
A: sugar cane is widely available A: sugar cane is cheap A: sugar cane is renewable D: slow process D: done in batches D: impurities in the product
Name some advantages and disadvantages of the hydration of ethene
A: fast process A: pure product A: continuous process D: Crude oil is expensive D: crude oil is non-renewable
Crude oil can be seperated into different fractions:
name the fractions and their uses
Refinery gases - domestic heating and cooking
Gasoline - for cars
Kerosene - for aeroplanes
Diesel - for trucks and lorries
Fuel oil - for ships and industrial heating
Bitumen - for tarmac and roads
Fractions with a low boiling point are
less viscous (more runny)
What are the ideal conditions for cracking?
pressure:
temperature: 600 - 700 degrees
catalyst: silica, aluminia
