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GCSE Chemistry (C3) > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms that gives organic compounds their characteristic reactions

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2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of related organic compounds that all have the same functional group

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3
Q

What functional group do the homologous series of alcohols contain?

A

The -OH functional group

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4
Q

What funtional group do the homologous series of esters contain?

A

-COO-

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5
Q

What functional group do the homologous series of carboxylic acids contain?

A

-COOH

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6
Q

What are is the structural and display formula of ethyl ethanoate?

A

CH3COOCH2CH3

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7
Q

What are the names of the first three alcohols?

A

Methanol, ethanol, and propanol

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8
Q

What are the displayed formulae for the first three alcohols?

A
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9
Q

What is the structural formulae for the first three alcohols?

A

CH3OH

CH3CH2OH

CH3CH2CH2OH

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10
Q

What are the names of the first three carboxylic acids?

A

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid

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11
Q

What is the displayed formulae for the first three carboxyllic acids?

A
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12
Q

What happens when alcohols with smaller molecules are mixed with water?

A

They also mix well with water and produce neutral solutions

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13
Q

Why are alcohols useful solvents?

A

Because many organic substances dissolve in them

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14
Q

What is the main alcohol in wine, beer, and other alcoholic drinks?

A

Ethanol

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15
Q

What is the reaction for when alcohols burn in air?

A

When burned completely they react with oxygen to produce CO2 and water

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16
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with alcohols?

A

Hydrogen gas is produced

It does not react as vigorously as it does with water

17
Q

How can alcohols be oxidised and what does this produce?

A

They can be oxidised with chemical oxidising agents (e.g. potassium dichromate) to produce carboxyllic acids

Some microbes in the air can also oxidise solutions of ethanol to produce ethanoic acid. This is what turns alcoholic drinks sour and is also the main acid in vinegar

18
Q

What happens when carboxyllic acid solutions react with a carbonate?

A

They gently fizz as carbon dioxide is produced.

A salt and water are also produced

19
Q

Why do carboxyllic acids have properties similar to all other acids?

A

They produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

20
Q

How are carboxyllic acids different from other acids?

A

They react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce esters

21
Q

How is ethyl ethanoate produced?

A

Ethanol and ethanoic acid react together when mixed with sulfuric acid as a catalyst

This also produces water

22
Q

What type of compounds are esters (aside from organic ones…)?

A

Volatile!

23
Q

What types of distinctive smells do esters have?

A

Some have pleasant fruity ones

As a result, they are used as flavourings and in perfumes

24
Q

What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

A

Strong acids ionise completely in water. Weak acids don’t.

25
Q

What is the difference between aqueous solutions of equal concentration of strong and weak acids?

A

Weak acids have a higher pH and react more slowly than strong acids

26
Q

Write a balanced symbol equation to show that propanoic acid is a weak acid

A

CH3CH2COOH(aq) ⇌ CH3CH2COO-(aq) + H+(aq)

27
Q

What are the advantages of using organic compounds?

A
  • They can be used as fuels
  • They can be used in food and drink
  • They can be used as biofuels which offer an alternative to fossil fuels and may help with the problems of diminishing resources and climate change
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of using organic compounds?

A
  • Alcoholic drinks and solvents can be abused and this can lead to health and social problems
  • The crops used for the production of biofuels require the use of agricultural land that could be used to grow food

GCSE Chemistry (C3) (5 decks)

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