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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

Compound containing elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in which the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is the same as in water– 2 hydrogens to one water

A

Carbohydrate

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1
Q

one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body.

A

Carbohydrate

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2
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrate molecules are the monosaccharides…?

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

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3
Q

Two monosaccharides can form a covalent bond between them to form a…?

A

Disaccharide sugar

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4
Q

3 kinds of disaccharides:

A

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

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5
Q

A disaccharide containing two glucose molecules held together by a covalent bond

A

Maltose

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6
Q

Sugar found in milk formed by the combination of glucose and galactose

A

Lactose

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7
Q

Compound containing a glucose joined to a fructose. Commonly called table sugar.

A

Sucrose

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8
Q

When many monosaccharide molecules are joined together

A

Polysaccharide

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9
Q

A polysaccharide containing many hundreds of monosaccharide subunits. Food stored in body for energy.

A

Glycogen

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10
Q

Important polysaccharide is______. It’s in wood and the cell wall of plants. We can’t digest it

A

Cellulose

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11
Q

Polysaccharides are also found in shells of such crustaceans as crabs and lobsters as a material called ____.

A

Chitin

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12
Q

Or fats, are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It’s an important energy reserve molecule. Gram for gram they provide twice as much energy as carbohydrates

A

Lipids

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13
Q

Lipids are essential structural components of all cells especially ____.

A

Cell membranes

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14
Q

3 important lipids in the body are:

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol

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15
Q

Lipid molecules formed from two building blocks, glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Stores energy for the body. When covalent bonds are broken down energy is released for life activities

A

Triglycerides

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16
Q

Similar to triglycerides, except the third fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

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17
Q

Lipid made up of four rings of carbon atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Needed for the structure of the plasma membranes of cells. Used to manufacture steroids.

A

Cholesterol

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18
Q

Phosphate has one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms. The phosphate end of the molecule will dissolve in water and is said to be hydrophilic. The fatty end repels water and is called hydrophobic. this forms cells membranes

A

Phospholipids

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19
Q

Very large complex molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A

Proteins

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20
Q

Building blocks for proteins. 20 different kinds. Joined together with covalent peptide bonds. The molecule grows larger and its shape becomes more and more complex

A

Amino acids

21
Q

Structural proteins. Holds tissues together throughout the body and strengthens ligaments and tendons

A

Collagen

22
Q

A structural protein that toughens and waterproofs the skin.

A

Keratin

23
Q

Hormones that regulate body functions are proteins. The proteins permit our muscles to contract.

A

Actin and myosin

24
Q

Blood protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

A

Hemoglobin

25
Q

Proteins in the blood and body fluids that help fight infections.

A

Antibodies

26
Q

Special class of proteins that assist other chemicals to react with each other. These reactions are the basis of all life chemistry

A

Enzymes

27
Q

Referred to as catalyst

A

Enzyme

28
Q

Substance that assists other chemical reactions to occur without being chemically changed itself

A

Catalyst

29
Q

Basic enzyme reaction must have:

A
  1. The substrate
  2. The enzyme
  3. The products
30
Q

Substances produced through the reaction of the enzyme with the substrate

A

Products

31
Q

Material that the enzyme will act upon

A

Substrate

32
Q

The catalyst that allows the reaction to occur

A

Enzyme

33
Q
  1. Regulates speed of chemistry reactions
  2. All are proteins, but not all proteins are them
  3. Each Chem. Reaction in an organism requires its own specific enzyme
  4. Each chem reaction that is worked on is called a substrate
  5. Called organic catalyst
  6. Never changed by reactions. Reusable
A

Enzyme characteristics

34
Q

Single strand molecule
Carries copy of coded info in DNA to a place where that info will be used to manufacture enzymes needed to allow all of the chemical processes of life to occur in the cell

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

35
Q

Very complex double stranded molecule& stores info needed by the cell and the entire organism to carry out life activities. It’s found mostly in the nucleus of the cell

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

36
Q

Where’s DNA found?

A

Nucleus

37
Q

Four nitrogen bases:

A

Adenine-Thymine

Guanine-Cytosine

38
Q

What RNA do?

A

Carries hereditary info from nucleus to cytoplasm

39
Q

How many carbon rings makes up cholesterol?

A

4

40
Q

How many amino acids are there

?

A

20

41
Q

Protein in blood and body fluids that help fight infections

A

Antibodies

42
Q

What are phospholipids used for?

A

Form cell membrane

43
Q

What thee elements make up lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

44
Q

3 elements that make up carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

45
Q

What’s cholesterol needed for?

A

Structure of plasma membranes of cells

46
Q

DNA is built up from building blocks called____

A

Nucleotides

47
Q

Made up of three kinds of particles: sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group

A

Nucleotides of DNA

48
Q

Ribose sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate

A

RNA nucleotides

49
Q

Adenine-Uracil

Guanine-cytosine

A

RNA nitrogen bases

Chemistry (7 decks)

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