Organic chemistry

Question 0

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 0

OH

Question 1

What is the homologous series?

Answer 1

series of molecules that have a general formula

Question 2

What does Ethanol look like? (C-H diagram)

Answer 2

H H
     |   |
H-C-C-O-H
     |   |
     H H

Question 3

What happens when alcohols dissolve in water?

Answer 3

form neutral solutions

Question 4

What do alcohols react with?

Answer 4

sodium to produce hydrogen gas but these reactions are less vigorous than reactions between sodium and water

Question 5

What is produced when alcohols completely burn in air?

Answer 5

CO2 and H2O

Question 6

What can alcohols be used as?

Answer 6

solvents e.g in spirit burners or combustion engines

Question 7

What is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks?

Answer 7

ethanol

Question 8

How do alcohols produce carboxylic acids?

Answer 8

oxidised by chemical oxidising agents e.g potassium dichromate or microbial action.

Ethanol produces ethanoic acid by being oxidised by microbes in air which is the main acid in vinegar and is the reason alcoholic drinks turn sour

Question 9

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 9

COOH

Question 10

What happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water?

Answer 10

produce acidic solutions

Question 11

What happens when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

Answer 11

produce CO2, salt, water and fizz

Question 12

Describe the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols

Answer 12

occurs in presence of acid catalyst to produce esters and water

Question 13

What type of acid are they and why?

Answer 13

weak acid - don’t completely ionise when dissolved in water

Question 14

How do aqueous solutions of weak acids differ from aqueous solution of strong acids with the same concentration?

Answer 14

higher pH and react slower

Question 15

What is the functional group of esters?

Answer 15

COO

Question 16

What are esters?

Answer 16

volatile compounds with distinctive smells

Question 17

What can esters be used as?

Answer 17

flavourings and in perfumes

Question 18

Give positive evaluation points of organic chemicals

Answer 18

Used in foods, drinks and as solvent for the vendor of society
Biofuels offer environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels

Question 19

Give negative evaluation points of organic chemicals

Answer 19

Abuse of solvents and alcoholic drinks can lead to health and social problems

deforestation may occur to provide room to grow crops for biofuels