Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Prefixes for Carbon Chains

Answer 1

1- meth-     2- eth-
3- prop-      4- but-
5- pent-      6- hex-
7- hept-      8- oct-
9- non-       10- dec-

Question 2

Alkene

Answer 2

• Ends in -ene
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond
• Formula: CnH(2n)
• To indicate the position of the bond, place the # of carbon atoms before the bond before the name, separated with a dash.

Ex: C2H4              -> Ethane
             H-C=C-H
                 H  H
       C4H8                     -> 1-Butene
                 H  H  H H
             H-C=C-C-C-H
                          H H

Question 3

Alkyne

Answer 3

• Ends in -yne
• Hydrocarbon with a triple bond
• Formula: CnH(2n-2)

Ex: C2H2               -> Ethyne
              H-C≡C-H 
      C6H10                           -> 2-Hexyne
               H           H H H
           H-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H
               H           H H H

Question 4

Alcohol

Answer 4

-Ends in -ol
R-OH
-R=Hydrocarbon that makes up the rest of the molecule

Ex: H H H H H -> 1-pentanol
HO-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H

Question 5

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 5

O
I I
R-C-OH

Question 6

Aldehyde

Answer 6

-Ends in -al
O
I I
R-C-H

Ex: O -> Ethanal
I I
H-C-H

Question 7

Ketone

Answer 7

-Ends in -one
O
I I
C

Ex:H O H     -> 3-Propanone (acetone)
      I  I I  I
 H-C-C-C-H
      I       I
     H     H

Question 8

Amine

Answer 8

H

R-N-H

Question 9

Ether

Answer 9

R-O-R

Question 10

Ester

Answer 10

O
I I
R-O-C-R

Question 11

Methyl

Answer 11

CH3

Question 12

Ethyl

Answer 12

CH2CH3

Question 13

Alkane

Answer 13

• Ends in -ane
• Formula: CnH(2n+2)
  
  • n= # of carbon atoms in a compound

Ex: CH4 -> methane
H
H-C-H
H

Question 14

Isomers

Answer 14

Different structures yielded from the same chemical formula.

Ex: Butane -> C4H10
-Normal  -> C-C-C-C 
  (n-butane)
-Iso-butane ->          C-C-C
  (2-methyl propane)     C

Question 15

Cyclic Compound

Answer 15

H H Cyclopropane Δ
C
/ \
H2-C–C-H2

——Br 1,2 dibromo cyclobutane
I I
——Br

Question 16

Cis and Trans Isomers (Double Bonds)

Answer 16

Cis: Cis-3,4, dimethyl 3-heptene
CH3CH2          CH2CH2CH3
               \       /
                C=C
               /       \
       CH3          CH3

Trans: Trans-3,4 dimethyl 3-heptene
CH3CH2          CH3
               \       /
                C=C
               /       \
       CH3          CH2CH2CH3

Question 17

Rings

Answer 17

Benzene ->C4H6
/ \
| O |
\ /

• o-dibromo benzene - m-dibromo benzene
  Br Br
  / \ Br / \
  | O | | O |
  \ / \ / Br
• p-dibromo benzene
  Br
  / \
  | O |
  \ /
  Br