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Descriptive Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

List some general properties of organic compounds.

A
  • They usually have low melting points
  • They usually are nonpolar (unless they bear functional groups)
  • They are usually nonconductors of electricity
  • They can exist in solid, liquid, and gaseous form. Compounds with:
    • 1–4 carbons tend to be gases at room temperature; butane and propane are among the lightest hydrocarbons and are used for fuel
    • 5–10 carbons tend to be in the liquid state at room temperature; compounds that fall in this size range are used to make gasoline and solvents
    • 12–18 carbons make up jet fuels and kerosene
    • More than 18 carbons tend to be solids at room temperature
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2
Q

Define a monomer

A

A monomer is a molecule that forms the basic unit for polymers. Monomers may bind to other monomers to form a repeating chain molecule.

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3
Q

Define a polymer

A

A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains of repeating basic molecular units called monomers.

Note: Many polymers are named by their basic monomer unit with the prefix poly.

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4
Q

Define a macromolecule

A

A macromolecule is a molecule with a very large number of atoms. Macromolecules typically have more than 100 component atoms.

Note: Most polymers are macromolecules and many biochemical molecules are macromolecules.

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5
Q

Define an isomer

A

An isomer is a chemical species with the same number and types of atoms as another chemical species, but possessing different properties. Two isomers are arranged differently molecularly.

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6
Q

Define a functional group

A

Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms attached to an organic compound that impart characteristic shapes and chemical properties to the compound.

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7
Q

Define a Hydrocarbon

A

a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

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8
Q

What does it mean for a compound to be saturated or unsaturated?

A
  • A saturated compound is a substance in which the atoms are linked by single bonds. A fully saturated compound contains no double or triple bonds.
  • An unsaturated compound is a substance containing double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
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9
Q

Prefix: Meth-

of carbon atoms?

A

1

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10
Q

Prefix: Eth-

of carbon atoms?

A

2

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11
Q

Prefix: Prop-

of carbon atoms?

A

3

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12
Q

Prefix: But-

of carbon atoms?

A

4

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13
Q

Prefix: Pent-

of carbon atoms?

A

5

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14
Q

Prefix: Hex-

of carbon atoms?

A

6

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15
Q

Prefix: Hept-

of carbon atoms?

A

7

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16
Q

Prefix: Oct-

of carbon atoms?

17
Q

Prefix: Non-

of carbon atoms?

18
Q

Prefix: Dec-

of carbon atoms?

19
Q

General Formula: CnH2n+2

What type of hydrocarbon is represented by the equation above?

20
Q

General Formula: CnH2n

What type of hydrocarbon is represented by the equation above?

21
Q

General Formula: CnH2n-2

What type of hydrocarbon is represented by the equation above?

22
Q

Alkanes are…?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds (also reffered to as saturated hydrocarbons)

Example: Ethane

23
Q

Alkenes are…?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond (unsaturated)

Example: Propene

24
Q

Alkynes are…?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds (unsaturated)

Example: Propyne

25
Q

Aromatic hydrocarbons are…?

A
  • Characterized by their 6 carbon rings and their alternating double and single bonds
  • The simplest of these compounds is benzene, C6H6
26
Q

Functional Group: Hydroxyl

Class of Molecule?

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Class of Molecule: Alcohol

Formula: ROH

General Structure:

Suffix: -ol

Example: Methanol CH3OH

27
Q

Functional Group?

Class of Molecule: Aldehyde

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Functional Group: Carbonyl

Formula: RCHO

General Structure:

Suffix: -al

Example: Methanal CH2O

28
Q

Functional Group?

Class of Molecule: Ketone

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Functional Group: Carbonyl

Formula: RCOR’

General Structure:

Suffix: -one

Example: Acetone CH3COCH3

29
Q

Functional Group?

Class of Molecule: Ester

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Functional Group: Carbonyl

Formula: RCOOR’

General Structure:

Suffix: -oate

Example: Methyl acetate CH3CO2CH3

30
Q

Functional Group: Carboxyl

Class of Molecule?

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Class of Molecule: Carboxylic acid

Formula: RCOOH

General Structure:

Suffix: -oic acid

Example: Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) CH3COOH

31
Q

Functional Group?

Class of Molecule: Amine

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Functional Group: Amino

Formula: RNH2

General Structure:

Suffix: -amine

Example: Methylamine CH3NH2

32
Q

Functional Group?

Class of Molecule: Amide

Formula?

General Structure?

Suffix?

A

Functional Group: Amino

Formula: RCONR2

General Structure:

Suffix: -amide

Example: Acetamide CH3NH2

Descriptive Chemistry (5 decks)

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