ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 1

types of hydrocarbons

Answer 1

1. saturated
2. unsaturated

Question 2

saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

alkane

Question 3

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

• alkene
• alkyne

Question 4

iupac nomenclature

Answer 4

prefix+word root+primary suffix+scondary suffix

word root+primary suffix is must

Question 5

word root

Answer 5

longest continous chain of carbon atoms
1. meth
1. eth
1. prop
1. but
1. pent
1. hex

Question 6

primary suffix

Answer 6

if single bond b/w carbon atoms
* -ane
if double bond b/w carbon atoms
* -ene
if triple bond b/w carbon atoms
* -yne

Question 7

secondary suffix=

Answer 7

functional group

Question 8

functional group for alcohol

Answer 8

-OH (hydroxyl)
* suffix = ol

Question 9

functional group for carboxylic acid

Answer 9

(double bond O attatched to C)
-C-OH [carboxyl]
* suffix = oic acid

Question 10

functional group for ester

Answer 10

(double bond O atached to C)
-C-O- [ester]
* suffix = oate

Question 11

prefix

Answer 11

• fluoro (-F)
• chloro (-Cl)
• bromo (-Br)
• iodo (-I)
• nitro (-NO2)
• alkyl group (-R)

Question 12

successive members of homologous series differ by __ group

Answer 12

CH2

Question 13

alkane genral rule

Answer 13

CnH2n+2

Question 14

alkyl group

Answer 14

alkane-1 hydrogen

CH2n+1

Question 15

alkyne general rule

Answer 15

CnH2n-2

Question 16

when is prefix not attatched

Answer 16

when all carbon atoms are present in the longest chain

Question 17

reacts - alkanes

Answer 17

• combustion
• substitution

Question 18

condition needed for alkanes to react

Answer 18

UV light/sunlight/heat
- unreactive in normal conditions

known as photochemical reaction

Question 19

3 substitution reactions to be studied

Answer 19

1. chlorination
2. bromination
3. iodination

Question 20

what happens in substitution reaction

Answer 20

H gets substituted for Cl/Br/I

ex. CH4+Cl2→CH3Cl+HCl

CH3Cl = chloromethane

Question 21

alkene general rule

Answer 21

CnH2n

Question 22

how alkene named

Answer 22

word root - position of double bond - ene

Question 23

types of addition reaction in alkene

Answer 23

1. hydrogenation (addition of H2)
2. hydration (addition of H2O)

Question 24

hydrogenation

Answer 24

alkene+H2→alkane

unsaturated oil + H2→saturated oil

Ni as catalyst, @ 150 degrees C

Question 25

hydration

Answer 25

alkene+h2o→alcohol | conc. H2SO4 heat ## Footnote best method to make alcohol because its pure. in fermentation need to purify alag se

Question 26

polymerisation in alkene

Answer 26

many monomers combine at high temp and pressure to form polymer ## Footnote polymerisation of ethene = polyethene

Question 27

alcohol general rule

Answer 27

CnH2n+1OH * R-OH

Question 28

name of alcohol

Answer 28

word root + primary suffix - position of functional group - secondary suffix | position of functional group OH priotized so start counting from there

Question 29

reactions of alcohols

Answer 29

1. combustion 2. oxidation

Question 30

oxidising agent used in oxidation of alcohol

Answer 30

K2Cr2O7+conc. H2SO4

Question 31

oxidation of alochol

Answer 31

alcohol+O→carboxylic acid

Question 32

combustion reaction

Answer 32

__+o2→co2+h2o __+o2→co+h2o | remember to balance

Question 33

R in carboxylic acid

Answer 33

H or alkyl group

Question 34

R and R' in ester

Answer 34

* R = H or alkyl group * R' = alkyl group only

Question 35

general rule for ester

Answer 35

(double bond O attatched to C) R-C-O-R' ## Footnote the R' will always be a prefix

Question 36

esterification

Answer 36

carboxylic acid+alcohol→ester+water ## Footnote conc. h2so4 + heat (catalyst)

Question 37

isomerism

Answer 37

diff. structural formula for same molecular formula

Question 38

cracking

Answer 38

long chain alkane→shorter chain alkane+alkene * if very small chain alkane used then → alkene+h2 | heat + catalyst used