Organic chemistry

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons? Give two examples.

Answer 1

hydrocarbons are a compound of only hydrogen and carbon. 2 examples are methane and ethane

Question 2

Name the first four alkanes in the homologous series.

Answer 2

methane (CH^4), ethane (C^2H^6). propane (C^3H^8), butane (C^4H^10)

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

: A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula.

Question 4

what is the diagram for methane

Answer 4

H
I
I
H——-C——-H
I
I
H

Question 5

what is the general formular for alkanes

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

What is the general formula of alkenes

Answer 6

CnH^2n

Question 7

How can you test for the presence of an alkene? Write the chemical test and the observation.

Answer 7

Add bromine water to the substance. If an alkene is present, the bromine water turns from orange to colorless.

Question 8

What are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 8

Carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O), sometimes soot
(carbon, C).

Question 9

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 9

-OH

Question 10

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 10

-COOH

Question 11

What is cracking? Why is it important?

Answer 11

Cracking is the process of breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones, such as alkanes and alkenes. It helps meet the demand for fuels like petrol and produces alkenes for making polymers.