Organic chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. An organic compound contains carbon bonded to other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
what are the ways of representing organic compounds?
-General formula - An algebraic formula that describes classes of organic compounds. For example, the general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.
-Empirical formula - Expresses the relative numbers of each type of atom in the simplest whole number ratio possible. For example, the empirical formula for butan-1-ol is CH2O.
-Molecular formula - Indicates the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule.
-Structural formula - Illustrates how the atoms are arranged by tracing the carbon backbone, showing which carbons are bonded together. It also indicates which atoms or functional groups are connected to each carbon.For example, the structural formula for butan-1-ol is CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
-Skeletal formula - Displays the bonding framework of the carbon backbone only with any functional groups. It traces the carbon-carbon bonds, omitting all carbon atoms and attached hydrogen atoms.
-Displayed formula - Shows the precise arrangement of all the atoms and all the bonds between them.
What is nomenclature?
Nomenclature refers to the systematic method of naming chemical compounds in accordance with established rules.
Describe the IUPAC system?
The IUPAC system is an internationally recognized set of guidelines for naming both organic and inorganic compounds.
List the stem names for 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
1: Meth-, 2: Eth-, 3: Prop-, 4: But-, 5: Pent-, 6: Hex-, 7: Hept-, 8: Oct-, 9: Non-, 10: Dec-.
Identify the next step after finding the base carbon chain in naming an organic compound.
The next step is to identify the key functional group, which typically provides the suffix of the compound’s name.
What suffix is used for alkanes?
The suffix used for alkanes is -ane.
What functional group corresponds to the suffix -ol?
The functional group corresponding to the suffix -ol is the alcohol group (O-H).
Define the purpose of using multipliers in organic compound naming.
Multipliers are used to indicate the number of identical groups or side chains present in the compound, such as di- for 2, tri- for 3, and tetra- for 4.
