Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are alkanes?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds only.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.
What are alkenes?
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n.
True or False: Alkenes can undergo addition reactions.
True.
What is cracking in organic chemistry?
Cracking is the process of breaking down larger hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.
What is the purpose of fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of liquids based on their different boiling points.
What is crude oil primarily composed of?
Crude oil is primarily composed of hydrocarbons.
Fill in the blank: Alkanes are also known as ______ hydrocarbons.
saturated.
What is the main product of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
The main products are carbon dioxide and water.
What are the environmental impacts of incomplete combustion?
Incomplete combustion can produce carbon monoxide and soot, which are harmful pollutants.
True or False: Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes.
True.
What is the process called when a hydrocarbon is broken down into smaller molecules?
The process is called cracking.
What is the term for the liquid mixture obtained from distillation of crude oil?
Petroleum.
What is the main use of ethene (an alkene)?
Ethene is primarily used in the production of plastics.
Fill in the blank: The boiling point of alkanes ______ as the number of carbon atoms increases.
increases.
What type of bond is present in alkenes?
Double bond.
What is the significance of cracking in the petroleum industry?
Cracking increases the yield of useful products from crude oil.
What is the main source of hydrocarbons?
Fossil fuels.
True or False: Alkenes can undergo polymerization.
True.
What is the primary difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes have only single bonds, while alkenes have at least one double bond.
What is produced when hydrocarbons combust in a limited supply of oxygen?
Carbon monoxide and/or soot.
What is the process of separating crude oil into fractions called?
Fractional distillation.
What is the main greenhouse gas produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide.
What type of hydrocarbons are used as fuels?
Both alkanes and alkenes can be used as fuels.
What are hydrocarbons?
A compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms
What is cracking?
Cracking is the breakdown of large less useful hydrocarbons into smaller more useful hydrocarbons
What are the two types of cracking?
Steam cracking
Catalytic cracking
Properties of steam cracking
-uses high temperatures
-no catalyst
Properties of catalytic cracking
Uses a low catalyst which uses low temperatures
Equation for catalytic cracking
Large alkane ——> small alkane +alkene
