ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards
Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom lies between what?
Two small, strongly electronegative atoms with lone pairs of electrons
What two components attract each other strongly to form a bond in hydrogen bonding?
A lone pair and the partial charge
When is h-bonding the strongest?
When the H is on a straight line between two oxygen atoms
Rank the following from highest to lower melting and boiling points. What does this reflect about their intermolecular forces?
H-bonding, dipole-dipole, london dispersion. Strength of intermolecular forces.
True or False: All organic molecules have London forces, so look for others.
True
Compounds with _____ molar masses and that are polar will have the highest boiling points. With that kept in mind, which has the highest boiling point? Rank them: H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
Higher; H20, H2Te, H2Se, H2S
What does the quote like dissolves like refer to?
Water solubilities
Rank the following in terms of highest to lower water solubility:
H-bonding, dipole-dipole, London disepersion
H-bonding has highest solubility, then dipole-dipole, then London dispersion
What is the weakest intermolecular force?
London dispersion forces
How do you know if a compound only has London Dispersion forces?
If it is nonpolar
How do you know if a molecule only has London dispersion forces?
If there is a permanent dipole, and if it is polar.
An electrophilic agent is a ______ species that ______ electrons (an example is a Lewis acid)
positive; wants
H+ reacts with a pi bond because it’s an _________, which is attracted to the exposed electrons in the pi bond:
electrophile
A nucleophilic agent is a _____ or ______ species wanting to donate a pair of electrons.
Negative; neutral
Is a Lewis base a nucleophilic or electrophilic agent?
Nucleophilic
Is a Lewis acid an example of an electrophilic agent or nucleophilic?
Electrophilic
A neutral species having unpaired electrons is highly reactive. What is this called? What is an example?
Free radical; Cl-
Cl attacks ______ which are unreactive
alkanes
Species that are produced and consumed during a reaction but do not appear in the overall chemical equation are considered what?
Reaction intermediates
A carbonium ion is a positively charged organic molecule with a carbon atom at its center. What is true about it?
It is a highly reactive electrophile
Alkanes are generally lacking in reactivity due to what two factors?
Strength and nonpolar nature of bonds
Reaction intermediates are species that are produced and consumed during a reaction but do not appear in the overall chemical equation. T or F?
True
What is a carbonium ion?
A carbon attached to three other carbons
Most products in a reaction involving a tertiary and primary carbon derive from which?
The most stable; tertiary
