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organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

cyclopropane — alcohol
reagent:
condition

A

hydration
add h2o
reagent : sulphuric acid
condition : heat

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2
Q

cyclopropane —- straight chain alkane

A

reagent : hydrogen gas
condition : nickel as catalyst at 80c

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3
Q

alkene — diol
observation :
another special observation:

A

reagent: KMnO4
condition : cold , diluted
obv: purple decolourised
acidic Kmno4 will produce brown ppt MnO2

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4
Q

alkene — alcohol

A

hydration
r : steam h2o
c : h3PO4 as catalyst
300c
70atm

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5
Q

alkene – alkane

A

hydrogenation
r : h2
c : Ni at 140c

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6
Q

alkene – halogenoalkane

A

Halogenation
r : halogen
c : room temp + no sunlight/dark / no uv

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7
Q

alkene – c acid / ketone / co2+h2o

A

hot oxidation
r : KMnO4
c : hot , concentrated

aldehyde and methanoic acid conitnue to oxidise

ketone won’t

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8
Q

alkyne — alkene

A

r: h2
c: lindlar’s catalyst

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9
Q

alkyne – alkane

A

r : h2
c:heat with ni as catalyst

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10
Q

alkyne – dihalogenoalkane

A

r : halogen in ccl4
c : no light

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11
Q

alkyne — aldehyde/ketone

A

r : h2o
c: heat at 60c with h2so4

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12
Q

ethyne and terminal alkyne use what to test

obv

A

ammoniacal silver I solution

obv : white ppt

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13
Q

haloalkane—grignard reagent

A

r : mg
c : heat with dry diethyl ehter

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14
Q

haloalkane —- nitrile

A

r: ethanolic KCN/NaCN
c:heat or reflux

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15
Q

nitrile —- primary amine
not direct

A

r: h2
c:heat with nickel

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16
Q

nitrile —- carboxylic acid

say add what and come out what

A

add water and hydrogen cation

come out ammonium ion and carboxylic acid

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17
Q

nitrile — amine
direct

A

r : NH3
c: heat

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18
Q

haloalkane— longer chain alkane

A

r : sodium metal
c : heat with ether

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19
Q

haloalkane – alkene

A

r:ethanolic NaOH / ethanolic KOH
C: heat

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20
Q

grignard reagent – carboxylic acid

A

r :co2
c:heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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21
Q

grignard reagent — aldehyde
will come out what special product

A

r : HCN
c : heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

come out also NH3

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22
Q

grignard — primary alcohol

A

r : methanal
c: heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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23
Q

grignard reagent — secondary alcohol

A

r : aldehyde
c : heat with ehter followed by acid hydrolysis

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24
Q

grignard reagent — tertiary alcohol

A

r : ketone
c : heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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25
Q

grignard reagent — alkane

both r and c

A

r : h2o
c: heat

r: Nh3
c: heat

26
Q

alcohol — alkene

both r and c

what is this called

A

r: sulphuric acid
c:170c

r: alumina
c:300c

intramolecular reaction

27
Q

alcohol – ether

A

dehydration

r: sulphuric acid
c: 140c

interspecific molecular force

meaning two alcohol react with each otherm

28
Q

reaction for formation of ester besides esterification

will come out what obv

A

r : acyl chloride and alcohol
c: heat

obv : white fume

29
Q

alcohol — haloalkane using pcl5 will come out what

A

pocl3 +hcl

30
Q

alcohol —- aldehyde

both

A

r : cu metal with o2
c: 300c

r:K2cr2o7
c:heat

31
Q

which alcohol will turn into carboxylic acid and reagent needed

A

primary alcohol
r: acidified KMnO4 or k2cr2o7

32
Q

which alcohol will turn into ketone and reagent needed

A

secondary alcohol
r:acidified KMnO4 or k2cr2o7

33
Q

aldehyde — hydroxynitrile

A

r : HCN with Naoh as catalyst
c : 10-20c , cold

34
Q

hydroxynitrile — c acid

A

r : diluted acid
add h2o + hydrogen cation and comeout ammonium ion

35
Q

hydroxynitrile — hydroxyamine

A

r: h2
c: heat at 140c with Ni

36
Q

aldehyde — acetal

A

r:alcohol
c: dry hcl gas
acetal : oxygen connected with alkyl grp

in the end , come out water

37
Q

aldehyde — alkane

A

r : zinc amalgam and conc. hcl
c: heat

38
Q

aldehyde — primary alcohol

A

Reduction
r; LiAlH4
c: heat in dry ether

add 2 hydrogen

39
Q

explain aldol condensation

A

r : 10% NaOH
c: 0-5c

add two aldehyde
one lose db , one lose H

40
Q

aldehyde — carboxylic acid

A

c : k2cr2o7 , kmno4

41
Q

tollens reagent add and get what

A

add ag(no3)2 and OH-

get water , ag and NH3

42
Q

ketone — secondary alcohol

both

A

r: LiAlH4
c: heat in dry either

add 2 hydrogen

r: h2
c: 140c with nickel

43
Q

ketone — alkane

A

r: zinc amalgam with conc hcl
c:heat

44
Q

the 3 reagent methanoic acid can react with and the one that it doesn’t

A

doesnt: p2o5

react : kmno4 , fehling solution , tollens reagent

45
Q

how can benzoic acid be formed

A

methylbenzene add with kmno4

come out h2o in the end

46
Q

formation of acyl chloride

A

c acid + pcl5

come out pocl3 and hcl

47
Q

carboxylic acid react with na2co3 form

A

salt + co2+ h2o

48
Q

dow process and then add what

A

r : Naoh
c: 200atm and 360c

sodium phenoxide add with hcl

49
Q

benzene —- cyclohexane

A

r:h2
c:nickel at 180c and 30 atm

50
Q

benzene — nitrobenzene

obv

A

r : hno3 and h2so4
c: 55c

if above 60 will form 1,3-dinitrobenzene or 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

obv : yellow oily liquid

51
Q

benzene – halobenzene

A

r: halogen in ccl4
c:fecls or felbr3 at rt

52
Q

benzene – alkyl benzene

A

friedel craft alkylation

c:haloalkane
r: rt with alcl3

53
Q

benzene – phenylketone

A

friedel craft acylation

c: acyl chloride

54
Q

benzene – benzenesulphonic acid

A

sulphonation
r: conc h2so4
c: 80c

55
Q

benzene — 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

A

halogenation
r: cl2
c: sunlight

56
Q

cumene process
1st step :
benzene + ______ passed over ______ at ____ and ___ cumene is obtained

A

benzene + propene is passed over concentrated phosphoric acid at 30 atm and 250c

57
Q

cumene process
2nd step:
cumene + _____ at ___ and __

A

cumene is passed through a stream of air and oxidised by it . At 120c and 5atm to form cumene hydroperoxide

58
Q

cumene process
3rd step :
cumene hydroperoxide is warmed with _____ , decomposes into __ and ___

A

cumene hydroperoxide is warmed with dilue sulphuric acid and decomposes into phenol and propanone

59
Q

phenol with dilute hno3 will produce

A

2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol

60
Q

phenol with conc hno3 will produce

A

2,4,6-trinitrophenol

61
Q

phenol — 2,4,6-tribromophenol

obv

A

r :bromine water
c: room temp

obv : steamy fume and white ppt

62
Q

phenol — 2-bromophenol or 4-bromophenol

A

r: bromine in ccl4
c: room temperate

chemistry (2 decks)

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