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organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

cyclopropane — alcohol
reagent:
condition

A

hydration
add h2o
reagent : sulphuric acid
condition : heat

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2
Q

cyclopropane —- straight chain alkane

A

reagent : hydrogen gas
condition : nickel as catalyst at 80c

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3
Q

alkene — diol
observation :
another special observation:

A

reagent: KMnO4
condition : cold , diluted
obv: purple decolourised
acidic Kmno4 will produce brown ppt MnO2

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4
Q

alkene — alcohol

A

hydration
r : steam h2o
c : h3PO4 as catalyst
300c
70atm

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5
Q

alkene – alkane

A

hydrogenation
r : h2
c : Ni at 140c

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6
Q

alkene – halogenoalkane

A

Halogenation
r : halogen
c : room temp + no sunlight/dark / no uv

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7
Q

alkene – c acid / ketone / co2+h2o

A

hot oxidation
r : KMnO4
c : hot , concentrated

aldehyde and methanoic acid conitnue to oxidise

ketone won’t

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8
Q

alkyne — alkene

A

r: h2
c: lindlar’s catalyst

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9
Q

alkyne – alkane

A

r : h2
c:heat with ni as catalyst

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10
Q

alkyne – dihalogenoalkane

A

r : halogen in ccl4
c : no light

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11
Q

alkyne — aldehyde/ketone

A

r : h2o
c: heat at 60c with h2so4

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12
Q

ethyne and terminal alkyne use what to test

obv

A

ammoniacal silver I solution

obv : white ppt

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13
Q

haloalkane—grignard reagent

A

r : mg
c : heat with dry diethyl ehter

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14
Q

haloalkane —- nitrile

A

r: ethanolic KCN/NaCN
c:heat or reflux

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15
Q

nitrile —- primary amine
not direct

A

r: h2
c:heat with nickel

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16
Q

nitrile —- carboxylic acid

say add what and come out what

A

add water and hydrogen cation

come out ammonium ion and carboxylic acid

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17
Q

nitrile — amine
direct

A

r : NH3
c: heat

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18
Q

haloalkane— longer chain alkane

A

r : sodium metal
c : heat with ether

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19
Q

haloalkane – alkene

A

r:ethanolic NaOH / ethanolic KOH
C: heat

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20
Q

grignard reagent – carboxylic acid

A

r :co2
c:heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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21
Q

grignard reagent — aldehyde
will come out what special product

A

r : HCN
c : heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

come out also NH3

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22
Q

grignard — primary alcohol

A

r : methanal
c: heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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23
Q

grignard reagent — secondary alcohol

A

r : aldehyde
c : heat with ehter followed by acid hydrolysis

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24
Q

grignard reagent — tertiary alcohol

A

r : ketone
c : heat with ether followed by acid hydrolysis

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25
grignard reagent --- alkane both r and c
r : h2o c: heat r: Nh3 c: heat
26
alcohol --- alkene both r and c what is this called
r: sulphuric acid c:170c r: alumina c:300c intramolecular reaction
27
alcohol -- ether
dehydration r: sulphuric acid c: 140c interspecific molecular force ## Footnote meaning two alcohol react with each otherm
28
reaction for formation of ester besides esterification will come out what obv
r : acyl chloride and alcohol c: heat obv : white fume
29
alcohol --- haloalkane using pcl5 will come out what
pocl3 +hcl
30
alcohol ---- aldehyde both
r : cu metal with o2 c: 300c r:K2cr2o7 c:heat
31
which alcohol will turn into carboxylic acid and reagent needed
primary alcohol r: acidified KMnO4 or k2cr2o7
32
which alcohol will turn into ketone and reagent needed
secondary alcohol r:acidified KMnO4 or k2cr2o7
33
aldehyde --- hydroxynitrile
r : HCN with Naoh as catalyst c : 10-20c , cold
34
hydroxynitrile --- c acid
r : diluted acid add h2o + hydrogen cation and comeout ammonium ion
35
hydroxynitrile --- hydroxyamine
r: h2 c: heat at 140c with Ni
36
aldehyde --- acetal
r:alcohol c: dry hcl gas acetal : oxygen connected with alkyl grp in the end , come out water
37
aldehyde --- alkane
r : zinc amalgam and conc. hcl c: heat
38
aldehyde --- primary alcohol
Reduction r; LiAlH4 c: heat in dry ether add 2 hydrogen
39
explain aldol condensation
r : 10% NaOH c: 0-5c add two aldehyde one lose db , one lose H
40
aldehyde --- carboxylic acid
c : k2cr2o7 , kmno4
41
tollens reagent add and get what
add ag(no3)2 and OH- get water , ag and NH3
42
ketone --- secondary alcohol both
r: LiAlH4 c: heat in dry either add 2 hydrogen r: h2 c: 140c with nickel
43
ketone --- alkane
r: zinc amalgam with conc hcl c:heat
44
the 3 reagent methanoic acid can react with and the one that it doesn't
doesnt: p2o5 react : kmno4 , fehling solution , tollens reagent
45
how can benzoic acid be formed
methylbenzene add with kmno4 come out h2o in the end
46
formation of acyl chloride
c acid + pcl5 come out pocl3 and hcl
47
carboxylic acid react with na2co3 form
salt + co2+ h2o
48
dow process and then add what
r : Naoh c: 200atm and 360c sodium phenoxide add with hcl
49
benzene ---- cyclohexane
r:h2 c:nickel at 180c and 30 atm
50
benzene --- nitrobenzene obv
r : hno3 and h2so4 c: 55c if above 60 will form 1,3-dinitrobenzene or 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene obv : yellow oily liquid
51
benzene -- halobenzene
r: halogen in ccl4 c:fecls or felbr3 at rt
52
benzene -- alkyl benzene
friedel craft alkylation c:haloalkane r: rt with alcl3
53
benzene -- phenylketone
friedel craft acylation c: acyl chloride
54
benzene -- benzenesulphonic acid
sulphonation r: conc h2so4 c: 80c
55
benzene --- 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
halogenation r: cl2 c: sunlight
56
cumene process 1st step : benzene + ______ passed over ______ at ____ and ___ cumene is obtained
benzene + propene is passed over concentrated phosphoric acid at 30 atm and 250c
57
cumene process 2nd step: cumene + _____ at ___ and __
cumene is passed through a stream of air and oxidised by it . At 120c and 5atm to form cumene hydroperoxide
58
cumene process 3rd step : cumene hydroperoxide is warmed with _____ , decomposes into __ and ___
cumene hydroperoxide is warmed with dilue sulphuric acid and decomposes into phenol and propanone
59
phenol with dilute hno3 will produce
2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol
60
phenol with conc hno3 will produce
2,4,6-trinitrophenol
61
phenol --- 2,4,6-tribromophenol obv
r :bromine water c: room temp obv : steamy fume and white ppt
62
phenol --- 2-bromophenol or 4-bromophenol
r: bromine in ccl4 c: room temperate

chemistry (2 decks)

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