Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
Phthalimide is converted into potassium salt by treating with alc. KOH, then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkylphthalimide which is hydralised to phthalic acid and a primary amine by heating with HCl or KOH.
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Gattermann-Koch Sysnthesis
Gattermann-Koch Sysnthesis
When a mixture of CO and HCl is passed through benzene at 323K in presence of a catalyst consisting of anhydrous AlCl3 and a small amount of CuCl, benzaldehyde is formed.
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Gattermann Reaction
Gattermann Reaction
In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with copper powder and a halogen acid to form aryl halides.
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Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
Aliphatic corboxylic acids containing @-hydrogen when reacts with Cl2 or Br2 in presence of red phosphorus gives @-Haloacids. This reaction is called Hell Volhard Zelinsky (H.V.Z.) reaction.
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Hoffman Bromamide reaction
or
Hoffman Degradation of Amides
Hoffman Bromamide reaction
The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing one carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of Br2 in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffman Bromamide Reaction.
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Hunsdiecker Reaction
Hunsdiecker Reaction
Alkyl halide are prepared by decomposing the silver salt of carboxylic acids dissolve in CCl4 by bromine or chlorine.
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Iodoform Reaction
Iodoform Reaction
All compounds containing the group CH3CH2OH, CH3COCH3 when treated with halogen and excess of alkali forms haloforms.
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Kolbe’s Reaction
Kolbe’s Reaction
Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure (4-7) atmospheric pressure at 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification with HCl gives salicyclic acid.
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Mendius Reaction
Mendius Reaction
The reduction of alkyl and aryl cyanides to primary amines with nascent hydrogen is known as Mendius reaction.
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Riemer-Tiemann Reaction
Riemer-Tiemann Reaction
Phenol when reacts with chloroform in presence of aq. sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis produces 2hydroxy-benzaldehyde.
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Rosenmund Reaction
Rosenmund Reaction
Catalytic reduction of acid chlorides to the corresponding aldehydes is called Rosenmund Reduction.
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Sandmeyer Reaction
Sandmeyer Reaction
Banzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl, CuBr/HBr or CuCN/KCN produces chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, benzonitrile respectively.
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Stephen Reaction
or
Stephen Reduction
Stephen Reaction
Alkyl or aryl cyanide reduces to the corresponding aldehydes with a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether, saturated with HCl at room temperature followed by hydrolysis.
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Swarts Reaction
Swarts Reaction
The synthesis of alkyl fluoride is best accomplished by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3.
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Williamson Synthesis
Williamson Synthesis
Alkyl Halides react with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ether. This reaction is called Williamson Synthesis.
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