Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis

Answer 1

Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis

Phthalimide is converted into potassium salt by treating with alc. KOH, then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkylphthalimide which is hydralised to phthalic acid and a primary amine by heating with HCl or KOH.

Question 2

Gattermann-Koch Sysnthesis

Answer 2

Gattermann-Koch Sysnthesis

When a mixture of CO and HCl is passed through benzene at 323K in presence of a catalyst consisting of anhydrous AlCl₃ and a small amount of CuCl, benzaldehyde is formed.

Question 3

Gattermann Reaction

Answer 3

Gattermann Reaction

In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with copper powder and a halogen acid to form aryl halides.

Question 4

Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction

Answer 4

Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction

Aliphatic corboxylic acids containing @-hydrogen when reacts with Cl₂ or Br₂ in presence of red phosphorus gives @-Haloacids. This reaction is called Hell Volhard Zelinsky (H.V.Z.) reaction.

Question 5

Hoffman Bromamide reaction

or

Hoffman Degradation of Amides

Answer 5

Hoffman Bromamide reaction

The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing one carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of Br₂ in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffman Bromamide Reaction.

Question 6

Hunsdiecker Reaction

Answer 6

Hunsdiecker Reaction

Alkyl halide are prepared by decomposing the silver salt of carboxylic acids dissolve in CCl₄ by bromine or chlorine.

Question 7

Iodoform Reaction

Answer 7

Iodoform Reaction

All compounds containing the group CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃COCH₃ when treated with halogen and excess of alkali forms haloforms.

Question 8

Kolbe’s Reaction

Answer 8

Kolbe’s Reaction

Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure (4-7) atmospheric pressure at 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification with HCl gives salicyclic acid.

Question 9

Mendius Reaction

Answer 9

Mendius Reaction

The reduction of alkyl and aryl cyanides to primary amines with nascent hydrogen is known as Mendius reaction.

Question 10

Riemer-Tiemann Reaction

Answer 10

Riemer-Tiemann Reaction

Phenol when reacts with chloroform in presence of aq. sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis produces 2hydroxy-benzaldehyde.

Question 11

Rosenmund Reaction

Answer 11

Rosenmund Reaction

Catalytic reduction of acid chlorides to the corresponding aldehydes is called Rosenmund Reduction.

Question 12

Sandmeyer Reaction

Answer 12

Sandmeyer Reaction

Banzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl, CuBr/HBr or CuCN/KCN produces chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, benzonitrile respectively.

Question 13

Stephen Reaction

or

Stephen Reduction

Answer 13

Stephen Reaction

Alkyl or aryl cyanide reduces to the corresponding aldehydes with a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether, saturated with HCl at room temperature followed by hydrolysis.

Question 14

Swarts Reaction

Answer 14

Swarts Reaction

The synthesis of alkyl fluoride is best accomplished by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg₂F₂, CoF₂ or SbF₃.

Question 15

Williamson Synthesis

Answer 15

Williamson Synthesis

Alkyl Halides react with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ether. This reaction is called Williamson Synthesis.

Question 16

Wolff-Kishner Reduction

Answer 16

Wolff-Kishner Reduction

Aldehydes and ketones reduces to their corresponding hydrocarbons on heating them with hydrazine and KOH.

Question 17

Wurtz Reaction

Answer 17

Wurtz Reaction

Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give hydrocarbon containing double the number of carbon atoms present in the halide.

Question 18

Wurtz-fittig Reaction

Answer 18

Wurtz-fittig Reaction

A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide gives an alkyl arene when treated with sodium in presence of dry ether.