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Chem > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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2
Q

What is the molecular formula for Alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

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3
Q

What determines the properties of hydrocarbons?

A

The length of the carbon chain

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4
Q

Does the boiling point increase or decrease with molecular size?

A

Boiling point increases with increased molecular size

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5
Q

Does the viscosity increase or decrease with molecular size

A

Viscosity increases with increased molecular size

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6
Q

Does the flammability increase or decrease with molecular size

A

Decreases with increased molecular size

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7
Q

What is another term for molecular size?

A

Carbon chain length

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8
Q

Why do the properties change with different size molecules?

A

Larger hydrocarbon molecules have more weak intermolecular forces compared to shorter hydrocarbon chains. So larger chains require more energy to separate, have stronger forces so are more viscous, have higher boiling points so are harder to combust

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9
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

The process of burning a fuel fully in oxygen to form CO(2) and water

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10
Q

What is Incomplete Combustion?

A

When there is not enough oxygen in the process so water is formed alongside either carbon or carbon monoxide

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11
Q

What is the formula for Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane?

A

CH(4) , C(2)H(6) , C(3)H(8) , C(4)H(10)

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12
Q

What are the formulas for Ethene, Propene, Butene?

A

C(2)H(4) , C(3)H(6) , C(4)H(8)

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13
Q

What are the first 4 alkanes?

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane

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14
Q

What are the first 3 alkenes?

A

Ethene, Propene, Butene

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15
Q

What are the steps to balancing an equation?

A

List the number of molecules underneath the equation.
Look for the differences
Multiply the molecules by the appropriate amount so each side has the same number of particles

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16
Q

What is a saturated compound?

A

One that only has single bonds

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17
Q

What is an unsaturated compound?

A

One that has one or more double bonds

18
Q

What are the different types of oil that are distilled from crude oil?

A

Refinery gas, Gasoline, Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel, Residue

19
Q

What is a use for Refinery Gas?

A

Cooking and heating

20
Q

What is a use for Gasolene?

A

Fuel for cars

21
Q

What is a use for Naphtha?

A

Making chemicals

22
Q

What is a use for Kerosene?

A

Aircraft fuel

23
Q

What is a use for Diesel?

A

Fuel for cars, buses and trucks

24
Q

What is a use for Heavy Fuel?

A

Fuel for large ships

25
Q

What is a use for Residue?

A

Tar for roads and roofs

26
Q

What are the properties of larger hydrocarbons?

A

Higher boiling points
Not as volatile
Doesn’t flow as well
Doesn’t ignite as violently

27
Q

What are the properties of smaller hydrocarbons?

A

Lower boiling points
More volatile
Flows better
Ignites more violently

28
Q

What is Cracking?

A

Allows hydrocarbon molecules to be broken into smaller alkane and alkene molecules. Smaller alkanes are more useful as fuels and for making plastics. Fractions such as bitumen that contain large hydrocarbon molecules are vaporised and passed over a hot catalyst, breaking bonds

29
Q

What do you add to the gas to check whether it is an alkene?

A

Bromine because alkenes have double bonds which can be broken so bromine can be added

30
Q

What colour does bromine solution turn if there is alkene present?

31
Q

How is a combustion reaction set up?

A

You have pipes going into flasks
One flask has a blue cobalt chloride paper and the other has lime water in
There is a funnel on the end to create a vacuum which sucks up the carbon produced by the reaction

32
Q

Why is blue cobalt chloride paper used in combustion reaction?

A

If there is water present, the paper will turn pink

33
Q

Why is there lime water used in combustion reaction?

A

The lime water will turn milky/ cloudy if there is CO(2) present

34
Q

What is the formula for an alcohol and give an example?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)O
Ethanol - C(2)H(6)O

35
Q

What is the formula for an alcohol and give an example?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)O
Ethanol - C(2)H(6)O

36
Q

What is the formula for Carboxylic Acid and give an example?

A

C(n)H(2n)O(2)
Ethanoic Acid - C(2)H(4)O(2)

37
Q

what is a polymer?

A

large molecules made when hundreds of monomers joined together to form long chains

38
Q

what is a plastic?

A

synthetic polymers that can be shaped by heat and pressure

39
Q

what is a monomer?

A

small molecules that make up a polymer

40
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

The joining together of alkane molecules where replaces the double covalent bond with a single carbon carbon bond forming the backbone of carbons

Chem (2 decks)

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