organic chemistry Flashcards
what is the functional group of alkenes?
double carbon bond
C=C
what is a homologous series?
molecules with the same functional group
what does the combustion of alkenes produce?
carbon dioxide, water, unburnt carbon particles (due to incomplete combustion)
what does the hydrogenation of alkenes require and produce?
requires:
- temperatures of 150*C
- nickle catalyst
creates an alkane
what does the hydration of alkenes require and create?
requires:
- water must be in the form of steam
- temperatures of 300*C
- pressure of 70 atmospheres
- phosphoric acid catalyst
created an alcohol
what happens when an alkene reacts with a halogen?
the halogen atoms add across the double carbon bond
name 2 ways ethanol can be produced
fermentation of sugar and hydration of ethene
what are the advantages and disadvantages of hydration with ethene?
advantages: high yield of ethanol
disadvantages: requires high temperatures and ethene comes from crude oil
what are the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation?
advantages: doesn’t require large amounts of energy and sugar is renewable
disadvantages: produces an aqueous solution of ethanol which must be separated via distillation
how does the solubility of alcohols change?
as the number of carbon atoms increase, the solubility decreases
what does the reaction of an alcohol and an oxidising agent produce?
carboxylic acid and water
what does the reaction of an alcohol and sodium produce?
a salt (e.g. sodium ethoxide) and hydrogen gas
what does the combustion of alcohols produce?
carbon dioxide and water
what is the alcohol functional group?
OH
R-OH
what is the carboxylic acid functional group?
COOH
R-C=O
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OH
