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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

How does fractional distillation separates crude oil into fraction

A

Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapors then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.

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3
Q

What is the boiling point of the refinery gases and what are they used for

A

below 30 degrees

Uses for fuel

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4
Q

What is the boiling point of gasoline and what is it used for

A

between 30 and 200 degrees

Used for vehicle engines

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5
Q

What is the boiling point of the kerosene/paraffin and what is it used for

A

between 200 and 250 degrees

Used for cooking, lighting, and heating

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6
Q

What is the boiling point of diesel and what can it be used for

A

between 250 and 300 degrees

Used in diesel engine

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7
Q

What is the boiling point of jet fuel

A

between 350 and 400 degrees

Used for jet fuel

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8
Q

What is the boiling point of bitumen and what is it used for

A

400 + degrees

Used for industrial purposes such as building roads and construction

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9
Q

what happens the further down the fractional column (3 things)

A

temperature increases

colour: at bottom = black
the middle = brown/yellow
at the top = colourless

Going down - becomes more viscous

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10
Q

What is empircal formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
e.g: C2 H6 0

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11
Q

9,1 and 2

A
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12
Q

What is displayed formula

A

A type of structural isomer that shows all the bonds between every atom in the compound
H H
I I
e.g: C = C
I I
H H

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13
Q

What is the general formula of Alkanes

A

Cn H 2n+2

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14
Q

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons and why

A

They are saturated as they contain no double bonds

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15
Q

What is a homologous series

A

a family of HYDROCARBONS with SIMILAIR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES and FUNCTIONS who share the same GENERAL FORMULA

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16
Q

What is a functional group

A

a particular group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties that give the molecule its function and are responsible for how it reacts

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17
Q

What is isomerism

A

the existence of molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

18
Q
  1. Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkanes with up to six carbon atoms in the molecule
A
19
Q

Name the alkanes increasing in length up to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule

A

2) Ethane
3) Propane
4) Butane
5) Pentane
6) Hexane

20
Q

What is a fuel

A

A substance that when burned, releases heat energy

21
Q

What is the equation of a complete combustion reaction of hydrocarbons

A

Alkane + Oxygen (02)
————–>
carbon dioxide (C02)
+ Water (H20)

22
Q

What are the equation of an incomplete combustion reaction of hydrocarbons

A

Alkane + Oxygen (02)
————–>
carbon monoxide (C0)
+ Water (H20)
+ Carbon

23
Q

How does carbon monoxide (poisonous) effect the body

A

It effects the capacity of blood to
transport oxygen

24
Q

What makes the high temperature in car engines needed

A

so nitrogen and oxygen from the air can react forming oxides of nitrogen

25
Q

19,20,21

A
26
Q

How does cracking work

A

heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts.

27
Q

What is needed for cracking to take place

A

silica or alumina as the catalyst and a temperature in the range of 600–700 degrees

28
Q

Why is cracking in high demand

A

Since cracking converts larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons, the supply of fuels is improved

29
Q

What functional group do alkenes contain

A

Having a double bond between two carbon atoms

30
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

Cn + H 2n

31
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons and why

A

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons as they contain a double bond

32
Q

Know how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule

A
33
Q

name all the alkenes with up to six carbon atoms

A

2) Ethene
3) Propene
4) Butane
5) Pentene
6) Hexene

34
Q

Describe the reactions of alkenes with bromine to produce dibromoalkanes

A

the double bond of the alkene breaks and the bromine atoms fill the place of the now missing places
H…..H——————->H…..H
I ……I———————>I…….I
C = C—————>Br - C = C - Br
I ……I———————>I…….I
H…..H——————->H…..H
Ethene ——-> Dibromoethane

35
Q

how can bromine water be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene

A

There is no change when bromine water is mixed with an alkane, but it turns colourless when mixed with an alkene

36
Q

How is an addition polymer formed

A

By joining up many small molecules called monomers

37
Q

Know how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer

A
38
Q

Understand how to deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer and vice versa

A
39
Q

What are the problems in disposing additional polymers (2 reasons)

A

1) Their inertness and inability to biodegrade
2) The production of toxic gases when they are burned.

40
Q

What is the structural formula

A

E.G: CH3CH2CH3 https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2qr7p3/revision/1

Chemistry (4 decks)

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