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chemistry y9 > organic Chemistry > Flashcards

organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbon def

A

Compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

Homologous series def

A
  • same general formula
  • trend in physical properties
  • similar chemical properties
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3
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of

A

Hydrocarbons

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4
Q

General formula for alkAnes

A

Cn H2n+2

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5
Q

Trend in viscosity

A

More viscous down

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6
Q

Main fractions obtained from crude oil

A
  • refinery gases
  • gasoline
  • kerosene
  • diesel
  • fuel oil
  • bitumen
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7
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

A process used to separate a mixture of liquids that have similar boiling points

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8
Q

Temperature trend

A

Hotter down

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9
Q

Boiling point trend

A

Higher down

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10
Q

Refinery gas use

A

Fizzy drinks

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11
Q

Gasoline use

A

Petrol (fuel for cars)

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12
Q

Kerosine use

A

Fuel for planes

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13
Q

Diesel use

A

Fuel for trucks

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14
Q

Fuel oil use

A

Fuel for ships

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15
Q

Bitumen use

A

Roads

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16
Q

Colour trend

A

Darker down

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17
Q

AlkEne general formula

A

Cn H2n

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18
Q

What is an isomer

A

A molecule that has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule eg. C2H4

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20
Q

What is the displayed formula

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them eg. H-C-H

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21
Q

What is the structural formula

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon eg. CH2CH2

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22
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons

A

Only contain single bonds between carbon atoms

23
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

24
Q

Colour trend

A

Darker down

25
Q

What is cracking a form of

A

A form of thermal decomposition

26
Q

What is thermal decomposition

A

Breaking molecules down into simpler molecules by heating

27
Q

Why is cracking needed

A

Longer chain, less useful, low demand alkanes can be broken down into shorter chain, more useful, high demand alkanes which meets the demand for fuels and alkanes to make polymers for plastics.

28
Q

Conditions for cracking

A

Heat and catalyst

29
Q

Industry temperature range for cracking

A

600- 700°C

30
Q

Industry catalysts for cracking

A

Silica or alumina

31
Q

What is combustion

A

When fuel is burned with sufficient oxygen

32
Q

What happens when you burn a fuel

A

Releases heat energy

33
Q

Complete combustion word equation

A

Hydrocarbon+ oxygen —> carbon dioxide+ water

34
Q

Incomplete combustion word equation

A

Hydrocarbon+ insufficient oxygen —> carbon monoxide + soot (carbon)

35
Q

What can carbon monoxide do

A

Can combine with RBC and prevents them from binding with oxygen and carrying it around d the body

36
Q

What is acid rain caused by

A

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

37
Q

How can sulfur dioxide be formed

A

The combustion of sulfur impurities in hydrocarbon fuels

38
Q

How can nitrogen oxide be created

A

When the temperature is high enough for nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react in car engines

39
Q

Are alkAnes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Saturated hydrocarbons (single bonds)

40
Q

Are AlkEnes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (double bonds)

41
Q

What are halogens

A

Elements in group 7

42
Q

What reacts with alkanes in UV light

A

Halogens

43
Q

When halogens react with alkanes what do they make

A

Haloalkanes

44
Q

What happens in a alkane and halogen reaction

A

A hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted with a halogen

45
Q

Eg: bromine and methane reaction in UV light

A

Methane + bromine —> bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

46
Q

What does the reaction of alkEnes with bromine produce

A

Produces dibromoalkAnes

47
Q

What happens in a reaction with alkEnes and bromine

A

The double carbon bond is broken and a bromine atom is added to each of the carbons

48
Q

What type of reaction is alkEnes with bromine

A

Addition reactions

49
Q

What type of reaction is alkAnes with halogens

A

Substitution reaction

50
Q

AlkEne and orange bromine water result

A

Colourless solution

51
Q

AlkAne and orange bromine water result

A

Solution will stay orange (no difference)

52
Q

Why does an alkEne turn bromine water colourless

A

The bromine molecules react with the alkEne to make a colourless dibromoalkAne

53
Q

Alkanes

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane

54
Q

AlkEne functional group

A

> C=C<

chemistry y9 (5 decks)

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