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chemistry y9 > organic Chemistry > Flashcards

organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbon def

A

Compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

Homologous series def

A
  • same general formula
  • trend in physical properties
  • similar chemical properties
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3
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of

A

Hydrocarbons

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4
Q

General formula for alkAnes

A

Cn H2n+2

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5
Q

Trend in viscosity

A

More viscous down

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6
Q

Main fractions obtained from crude oil

A
  • refinery gases
  • gasoline
  • kerosene
  • diesel
  • fuel oil
  • bitumen
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7
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

A process used to separate a mixture of liquids that have similar boiling points

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8
Q

Temperature trend

A

Hotter down

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9
Q

Boiling point trend

A

Higher down

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10
Q

Refinery gas use

A

Fizzy drinks

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11
Q

Gasoline use

A

Petrol (fuel for cars)

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12
Q

Kerosine use

A

Fuel for planes

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13
Q

Diesel use

A

Fuel for trucks

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14
Q

Fuel oil use

A

Fuel for ships

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15
Q

Bitumen use

A

Roads

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16
Q

Colour trend

A

Darker down

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17
Q

AlkEne general formula

A

Cn H2n

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18
Q

What is an isomer

A

A molecule that has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule eg. C2H4

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20
Q

What is the displayed formula

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them eg. H-C-H

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21
Q

What is the structural formula

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon eg. CH2CH2

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22
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons

A

Only contain single bonds between carbon atoms

23
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

24
Q

Colour trend

A

Darker down

25
What is cracking a form of
A form of thermal decomposition
26
What is thermal decomposition
Breaking molecules down into simpler molecules by heating
27
Why is cracking needed
Longer chain, less useful, low demand alkanes can be broken down into shorter chain, more useful, high demand alkanes which meets the demand for fuels and alkanes to make polymers for plastics.
28
Conditions for cracking
Heat and catalyst
29
Industry temperature range for cracking
600- 700°C
30
Industry catalysts for cracking
Silica or alumina
31
What is combustion
When fuel is burned with sufficient oxygen
32
What happens when you burn a fuel
Releases heat energy
33
Complete combustion word equation
Hydrocarbon+ oxygen —> carbon dioxide+ water
34
Incomplete combustion word equation
Hydrocarbon+ insufficient oxygen —> carbon monoxide + soot (carbon)
35
What can carbon monoxide do
Can combine with RBC and prevents them from binding with oxygen and carrying it around d the body
36
What is acid rain caused by
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
37
How can sulfur dioxide be formed
The combustion of sulfur impurities in hydrocarbon fuels
38
How can nitrogen oxide be created
When the temperature is high enough for nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react in car engines
39
Are alkAnes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons (single bonds)
40
Are AlkEnes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (double bonds)
41
What are halogens
Elements in group 7
42
What reacts with alkanes in UV light
Halogens
43
When halogens react with alkanes what do they make
Haloalkanes
44
What happens in a alkane and halogen reaction
A hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted with a halogen
45
Eg: bromine and methane reaction in UV light
Methane + bromine —> bromomethane + hydrogen bromide
46
What does the reaction of alkEnes with bromine produce
Produces dibromoalkAnes
47
What happens in a reaction with alkEnes and bromine
The double carbon bond is broken and a bromine atom is added to each of the carbons
48
What type of reaction is alkEnes with bromine
Addition reactions
49
What type of reaction is alkAnes with halogens
Substitution reaction
50
AlkEne and orange bromine water result
Colourless solution
51
AlkAne and orange bromine water result
Solution will stay orange (no difference)
52
Why does an alkEne turn bromine water colourless
The bromine molecules react with the alkEne to make a colourless dibromoalkAne
53
Alkanes
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane
54
AlkEne functional group
>C=C<

chemistry y9 (5 decks)

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