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1070 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Give the definition of an isomer

A

Compounds that are distinguishable with the same molecular formula

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2
Q

Give the definition of a conformation

A

The individual arrangement of conformers

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2
Q

Are halides water soluble?

A

No

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2
Q

The following are the chiral carbons of a molecule, 3S 5R 18S, give the sequence of its enantiomer

A

3R 5S 18R

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3
Q

Describe a racemic mixture that rotates polarised light by 0 degrees

A

Optically inactive

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4
Q

What is the synonym for aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Arenes

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4
Q

If a molecule contains 2 chiral centres connected to eachother, what can arise by changing the groups attatched tothe chiral centres, 1 chiral centre at a time?

A

Enantiomers

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5
Q

One enantiomer can be converted to its corresponding enantiomer; what is this called?

A

Inversion of configuration

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5
Q

On a representative 3D drawing of a chiral molecule, where does the lowest priority, or d group, go?

A

Behind the plane of the paper

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6
Q

What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral compound such as methane?

A

109 Degrees

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6
Q

How is a disulphide bond formed?

A

2 thiols react and are oxidised to form a disulphide bond

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7
Q

At what angle are dihedrals fully eclipsed?

A

0 Degrees

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7
Q

When benzene is a group in compounds, what is the group called?

A

Phenyl or Aryl group

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9
Q

When butane rotates, what energetic, unstable and unfavourable event takes place at 0 degrees?

A

Steric clash

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11
Q

If propane has three hydroxyl groups, how does its systematic name end?

A

Triol

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12
Q

Give the definition of a sterioisomers

A

2 molecules with the same connectivitybut different arrangement of atoms in space

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13
Q

At what angle are dihedrals fully staggered?

A

180 Degrees

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13
Q

Which bond is longer and why; C-S or C-O?

A

C-S as Sulphur is a larger atom than oxygen

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15
Q

Give the definition of a structural/constitutional isomer

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but have atoms connected in a different order

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16
Q

What are 3 properties of small thiols?

A

Usually not water soluble, volatile and have unpleasant odours

17
Q

Which conformation, staggered or eclipsed, has the highest energy?

A

Eclipsed

19
Q

Give the definition of a hydrocarbon

A

Molecules containing only atoms of carbon and hydrogen

20
Q

Give the definition of chiral

A

A molecule that is non-superimposable on its mirror image

21
Q

What form of amino acids form biological enzymes?

A

Enantiopure

22
Q

Give the definition of a thiol

A

A compound which contains a -S-H group

24
Q

When an alcohol is mixed with a strong base, what is the product?

A

Alkoxide

26
Q

What is a thioester?

A

The product of a carboxylic acid and a thiol

27
Q

What letter is attributed to the enantiomer whose groups go in a clockwise a-c direction of descending priority?

A

The R enantiomer

29
Q

Give the definition of a conformer

A

The different arrangements of atoms caused by rotation about a single bond

30
Q

What does the hydroxyl group do to the boiling point?

A

It raises the boiling point due to the intermolecular attraction of Hydrogen bonding

31
Q

What is the systematic name of glycerol?

A

Propan-1,2,3-triol

31
Q

List 5 properties of amide bonds

A

Not basic, not easily protonated, near neutral, planar and no rotation about the C-N bond

32
Q

What letter is attributed to an enantiomer whose groups go in an anticlockwise a-c direction of descending priority?

A

The S enantiomer

33
Q

What is the dihedral angle of hexane?

A

180 Degrees as the hydrogen atoms are in the staggered conformation

34
Q

What is the suffix of thioester compounds?

A

Thioate

35
Q

Due to the aryl group of phenols withdrawing electron density into the delocalised electron ring, what property do phenols have?

A

Phenols are easily deprotonated

36
Q

Give the definition of a diastereoisomer

A

All pairs of stereoisomers that are not enantiomers

37
Q

What is the product called when a thiol is deprotonated?

A

A thiolate

37
Q

Give the definition of an enantiomer

A

2 molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of eachother

38
Q

In a chiral molecule, how do you designate group priorities?

A

You look at atomic numbers of atoms, multiple bonds being equivalent to multiple single atomic bonds, going to the next bonded atoms if there are two initially identical atoms. The atoms or groups with the highest collective atomic number have highest priority

39
Q

What is the synonym for a Zwitterion

A

Ammonium carboxylate

40
Q

What is the synonym for a triester of glycerol?

A

Triglyceride

42
Q

What sequence of atoms make up an ether bond?

A

C-O-C

43
Q

When a molecule rotates polarised light in a negative (-alpha) direction what names can be attributed to the enantiomer

A

The -, l or laevo enantiomer

44
Q

What is a mixture of equal volumes of corresponding enantiomers called?

A

A racemic mixture

45
Q

When systematically naming halides, does the halogen form the suffix or prefix?

A

The halogen forms the suffix of the name

46
Q

What forms the suffix of a systematic ester name; the carboxylic acid or the alcohol?

A

The carboxylic acid due to the formation of a carboxylate

48
Q

How many stereoisomes are there of a compound with n chiral centres?

A

2 to the power of n

49
Q

When a molecule rotates polarised light in the positive (alpha) direction what names can be attributed to this enantiomer?

A

The +, d or dextro enantiomer

1070 (1 decks)

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