organic chemistry Flashcards
What are the bond angles of a tetrahedral figure? What is the orbital hybridization?
109.5; sp3
What are the bond angles of a trigonal planar figure? What is the orbital hybridization?
120; sp2
What are the bond angles of a linear figure? What is the orbital hybridization?
180; sp
What is an alkane?
A hydrocarbon figure with only single bonds (CH3CH3)
What is an alkene?
A hydrocarbon figure containing at least one double bond (CH2CH2)
What is an alkyne?
A hydrocarbon figure containing at least one triple bond (CHCH)
What is an aromatic?
A ring of carbons that are all connected (Benzene ring)
Meth-
one
Eth-
two
Prop-
three
But-
four
Pent-
five
Hex-
six
Hept-
seven
Oct-
eight
Non-
nine
Dec-
ten
What is a structural isomer?
Some molecular formulas but a different bonding arrangement of the atoms
What does it mean to be unsaturated?
bonded to less than the maximum amount of H based on the carbon in the structure
The Cis- prefix means that
Both of the carbon substituents are on the same side of C-C double bond
The trans- prefix means that
both carbon substituents are on opposite sides of the C-C double bond
A ________________________ is a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions
functional group
What group is identified by R-OH?
Alcohol
What is the functional group attached to this:
CH3-CH(OH)-CH3
Alcohol; 2-propanol
How do we name alcohols? (Hint: what gets added to the ending?)
drop the e and add -Ol
Ex: ethyne–> ethynol
What group is identified as ROR’?
Ethers
What is the functional group attached to this:
CH3OCH2CH2CH3
Ether group; Methoxypropane
How do we name ether? (Hint: what gets added to the chain?)
Add oxy in middle of structure; separate the carbon chain
Ex: Butanal–> Methoxypropane
What is a carbonyl group?
A carbon double bonded to an oxygen
What group is identified as CHO?
Aldehydes
What is the functional group is attached to this:
CH3CHO
Aldehyde; Ethanal
How do we name aldehydes? (Hint: what gets added to the end)
Drop the e and add -al; ethane–> ethanal
What group is identified as RCOR’?
Ketones
What is the functional group is attached to this:
CH3COCH3
Ketones: Propan-2-one
How do we name ketones? (Hint: What gets added to the end?)
Drop the e and add -one; Pentane–> Pentan-2-one
What group is identified as COOH?
Carboxylic Acid
What is the functional group is attached to this:
CH3CH2CH2COOH
Carboxylic Acid; Butanoic Acid
How do we name Carboxylic Acids? (Hint: What gets added to the end)
Drop the e and add -oic acid
What group is identified as RCOOR’?
Esters
What is the functional group attached to this:
CH3COOCH3
Ester; methtylethanoate
How do we name ester? (Hint: what is added to the end?)
Drop the e and add -oate to the end
Ex: propane—> methylethanoate
What is the name of this structure?
CH3-NH2
Methylamine
