Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What’s a hydrocarbon
A compound made from hydrogen and carbon only
How’s a crude oil formed
Ancient biomass that has been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years
What’s an alkane
Hydrocarbons containing only single C to C bonds
First 4 alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
General formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Explain the relationship between carbon chain length and boiling point for organic molecules
Long chain length means higher boiling point as the strength of the intermolecular forces increase this means more energy is needed to separate the molecules
How does viscosity depend on carbon chain length
The longer the chain, the more viscous the compound
How does flammability depend on carbon chain length
The longer the chain the less flammable the compound
How are alkanes in crude oil separated
Fractional distillation
5 useful products from crude oil
Fuel
Lubricants
Detergents
Polymers
Solvents
Cracking
Breaking down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones
Conditions for cracking?
High temp and steam
Or a catalyst
What are the products of cracking
Smaller chain alkanes and Alkenes
What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons that contain at least one C=C double bond
General formula for alkenes
CnH2n
First four alkenes
Ethane
Probene
Butene
Pentene
What are alkenes used for
To make polymers and as feedstock
Test for alkenes
Brewing water turns from orange to colorless if a double bond is present
What’s a functional group
A part of a compound that determines its chemical properties
What are alchohols
A group of compounds with the OH minus functional group
How are alcohols made
By reacting steam with an Alane through fermentation
Conditions required for fermentation
Yeast, sugar, warm and no oxygen (anaerobic)
The first 4 alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Products of the reaction between an alcohol and sodium
Hydrogen and alkoxide
What’s the product when alcohol is oxidized
Carboxylic acid
What’s carboxylic acid
Compound with functional group -COOH
The first 4 carboxylic acids
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
General equation for carboxylic acid and metal carbonate
Salt plus water plus carbon dioxide
What’s made when an alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid
An ester
Carboxylic acids are weak acids what does this mean
They only partly ionize when in a solution
What is the product of the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol
Ethyl ethanoate
