Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Organic definition
Is living or was living
Organic chemistry
Study of carbon based molecules
Organic molecules always contain
Carbon
How many bonds does carbon make
Four
Shape of carbon bonds
Tetrahedral
Five special things about carbon
- it makes four bonds
- shape of bonds is tetrahedral
- it can make chains
- it can form rings and networks
- it can make single, double, and triple bonds
Hydrocarbon
Molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon
Know how to use tables P + Q
Know how to use tables P + Q
Isomer
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
Saturated
Completely filled (with hydrogen)
Which homologous solution is saturated and why
Alkanes, all single bonds and completely filled with hydrogen
Which homologous solutions are unsaturated
Alkenes and alkynes
Most reactive and least reactive carbon bond
Triple most reactive
Single least reactive
Combustion reaction
Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
How to do the substitution reaction
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Replacing an H with a halogen
How to do addition reaction
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes and alkynes
Adding a halogen ( usually)
Four inorganic reactions
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single replacement
Double replacement
Eight organic reactions
Saponification
Combustion
Fermentation
Addition
Substitution
Dehydration polymerization
Addition polymerization
Esterification
What is a polymer
A very large molecule composed of many repeated monomers
COH/ROH
Alcohol
COOH/ROOH
Organic acid
COOC/ROOR
Ester
ROC/ROR
Ether
Esterification
The making of an ester
Alcohol + organic acid ->
Ester + water
COH + COOH =
COOC + HOH
Empirical formula
Converting a molecular formula into lowest terms ( and vice versa )
Distillation
Separating liquids by boiling points
Cyclohydrocarbons
Carbons that can form rings
The larger the hydrocarbon, the higher the
Boiling point and melting point
