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chemistry definitions > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a functional group?

A

The functional group is the part of the molecule which determines how it is going to react.

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2
Q

What is the definition of a homologous series?

A

A homologous series is where molecules have the same functional group and successive members differ by CH2

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3
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

A structural isomer has the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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4
Q

why are alkanes unreactive?

A

strong bonds and non polar

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5
Q

What are chain isomers?

A

Isomers which are branched with carbons.

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6
Q

What are positional isomers?

A

Isomers with the same functional group but on a different carbon.

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7
Q

What are functional isomers?

A

Isomers with a different functional group.

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8
Q

What is the code ‘meth-‘ stand for?

A

one carbon

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9
Q

What does the code ‘eth-‘ stand for?

A

two carbons

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10
Q

What does the code ‘prop-‘ stand for?

A

three carbons

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11
Q

What does the code ‘but-‘ stand for?

A

four carbons

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12
Q

What does the code ‘pent-‘ stand for?

A

five carbons

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13
Q

What does the code ‘hex-‘ stand for?

A

six carbons

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14
Q

What does the code ‘hept-‘ stand for?

A

seven carbons

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15
Q

What does the code ‘oct-‘ stand for?

A

eight carbons

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16
Q

What does the code ‘non-‘ stand for?

A

nine carbons

17
Q

What does the code ‘dec-‘ stand for?

A

10 carbons

18
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

contains carbon-carbon single bonds

19
Q

what does unsaturated mean?

A

contains a carbon-carbon double bond

20
Q

what does empirical formula mean?

A

shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

21
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

22
Q

What is an alkene/cycloalkene?

A

unsaturated carbons containing c=c

23
Q

What does the word unsaturated mean in terms of chemistry?

A

A molecule containing a carbon to carbon bond double or triple bond; can form more bonds with other atoms during reactions.

24
Q

What is a sigma bond?

A

A bond formed when outer atomic orbitals overlap along the bond axis; sttrongest type of covalent bond

25
Q

What is a pi bond?

A

A bond formed when two p-orbitals overlap sideways; weaker than a sigma bond.

26
Q

What is an electrophile?

A

Species attracted to areas of high electron density; can accept a pair of electrons

chemistry definitions (4 decks)

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