Organic Chemistry Flashcards
properties of pure hydrocarbons
non-polar, hydrophobic, unreactive
what is an alkane?
only contains single carbon-carbon bonds
what is an alkene?
contain at least one double carbon-carbon bond
what is an alkyne?
contain at least one triple carbon-carbon bond
what is a saturated compound?
contain only single covalent bonds
what is an unsaturated compound?
contain at least one multiple bond
order of electronegativity
F > O > Cl > N > Br > S > I > C > H > P
what is a resonance structure?
when a molecule is represented by 2 or more hybrid structures where electron position differs
rules when drawing resonance structures
- put all lone pair and formal charges
- don’t make 5 bonded atoms
- move only pi-electrons in a double bond and/or electrons in a lone pair
- resonance occurs in conjugated systems
definition of curly arrows
= show the movement of electrons
- when an arrow is moving away from a bond, the bond is broken
- when an arrow falls between two atoms, a bond is formed
- when an arrow falls on an atom, a lone pair is created
what is an intermolecular reaction?
when the two functional groups are present in two different molecules
what is an intramolecular reaction?
when the two functional groups are present in the same molecule
what is an electrophile?
the functional group/atom receiving the electrons from the nucleophile
what is a nucleophile?
the functional group that source/donates the electrons to the electrophile
definition of stereogenic centre
when a saturated carbon atom has four different substituents
