Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What exerts a greater repulsive force on the molecular shape, lone pair electrons, or pairs in bonds?
Lone pair electrons
What does ‘tetravalent’ mean?
Having 4 bonds
What does the molecular formula show?
The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
What does the empirical formula show?
The simplest ratio of each element in a compound
What does the condensed structural formula/semi-structural formula show?
The arrangement of all the atoms, without showing the bonds.
What does VSEPR theory stand for?
Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory
What is VSEPR theory used for?
Drawing molecules with correct shape.
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms attached to a carbon compound that gives it characteristic reactions
What is nomenclature?
A set of rules used to generate systematic names for chemical compounds
What is a hydrocarbon made up of?
Only carbon and hydrogen
What is the functional group of an alkane?
Contains only single bonds
Which type of compound has no functional group - i.e. only single bonds
Alkanes
What is the functional group of an alkene?
Double bond
Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘double bond’?
Alkene
What is the functional group of and alkyne?
Triple bond
Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘triple bond’?
Alkyne
What is the functional group of an aromatic compound?
Carbon ring (or phenyl group)
Which type of compound has the functional group: ‘carbon ring’?
Aromatic compound
What is the general structure of an alkane?
C[n]H[2n+2]
What is the general structure of an alkene?
C{n}H{2n}
What is the general structure of an alkyne?
C{n}H{2n-2}
What is the general structure of an aromatic compound?
C{n}H{2n}
What is the general structure of an alcohol?
C{n}H{2n+1}OH
Which functional group do alcohols have?
hydroxyl groups i.e. -OH
How many lone electron pairs are in a hydroxyl group, and which element are they attached to?
Oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons. The other two bonds are made with carbon and hydrogen.
What functional group do amines have?
amino groups -NH{2}, NHR, NRR’
How many lone pair electrons are in an amino group, and which element are they attached to?
Nitrogen has 1 set of lone pair electrons. The pther bonds are made with a combination of R groups and hydrogen atoms.
