Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Name the first 10 alkanes

Answer 1

1. Methane (CH4)
2. Ethane (C2H6)
3. Propane (C3H8)
4. Butane (C4H10)
5. Pentane (C5H12)
6. Hexane (C6H14)
7. Heptane (C7H16)
8. Octane (C8H18)
9. Nonane (C9H20)
10. Decane (C10H22)

Question 2

What is the general formula for Alkanes

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

A saturated hydrocarbon is a molecule with only hydrogen and carbon, with no double bonds.

Question 4

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

What do alkenes contain that alkanes don’t?

Answer 5

A carbon carbon double bond

Question 6

What do alkynes contain?

Answer 6

A carbon carbon triple bond

Question 7

What do arenes contain?

Answer 7

A benzene ring (aromatic)

Question 8

What is an aliphatic molecule?

Answer 8

A molecule with no benzene ring

Question 9

What are the different types of formulae you can have for alkanes

Answer 9

1. Molecular actual number of each type of atom in the molecules
2. empirical simplest ratio of every type of atom
3. full structural formula show all atoms and bonds
4. abbreviated structural formula e.g CH3CH2CH2CH3
5. shape and bond angles
6. skeletal formula

Question 10

How do you name an alkane?

Answer 10

1. Find the longest chain
2. Include any branches
   CH3 = methyl
   CH3CH2 = ethyl
   CH3CH2CH2 = propyl ect…
3. Count from the smallest number up

Question 11

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 11

Contains a benzene ring and have general formula CnH2n

Question 12

What states are alkanes in?

Answer 12

small (up to 4C) = colourless gases
medium (5-16C) = colourless liquids
large (16C and above) = white waxy solids

Question 13

What is an alkene?

Answer 13

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon carbon double bond which determines how the whole molecule reacts (functional group)