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Chemistry Units 3&4 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Contain only Carbon and Hydrogen

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2
Q

Alkane Formula

A

Formula: CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Alkenes Formula

A

Formula: CnH2n

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4
Q

Alkane structural properties

A

No C=C, therefore saturated

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5
Q

Alkene structural properties

A

One C=C bond, therefore unsaturated.
1st member Ethene

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6
Q

Cyclic Alkanes

A

Same as straight chain alkanes but with 2 ends joined

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7
Q

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A

e.g. Benzene

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8
Q

Homologous Series

A

Family of C compounds in which each member differs by -CH2 from the member before and the member after

Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol CH3CH2OH
Propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH

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9
Q

Functional group

A

This is an atom or group of atoms joined to a hydrocarbon which determines its physical and chemical properties

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10
Q

8 Different Functional groups

A

1)Hydroxyl
2)Amino
3)Carboxyl
4)Aldehyde
5)Carbonyl
6)Ester
7)Amide
8)Haloalkanes (Chloro, Fluoro, bromo, Iodo)

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11
Q

Hydroxyl group formula

A

-OH
Belongs to Alkanols/Alcohols homologous series

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12
Q

Amino group

A

-NH2
belongs to amines homologous series

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13
Q

Carboxyl group

A

At the end of the molecule

always carbon 1!
belongs to carboxylic/alkanoic acid homologous series

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14
Q

Aldehyde

A

At the end of molecule (CHO)

Belongs to aldehyde homologous series e.g. Ethanal

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15
Q

Carbonyl

Functional group

A

Middle of the molecule
Belongs to ketones homologous series

e.g. Propanon, pentan-2-one

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16
Q

Ester

Functional group

A

Middle of the molecule
Belongs to Esters

17
Q

Amide (1)

Functional group

A

End of the molecule
Primary Amides homologous series

18
Q

Amide (2)

A

Middle of molecule
Secondary Amides homologous series

19
Q

Haloalkanes (Homologous series)

List Functional groups and locations

A

Includes Chloro (Cl)
Fluoro (-F)
Bromo (-Br)
Iodo (-I)
Anywhere on molecule

20
Q

How to name a molecule

A

1)Find and circle longest C chain
2)Name the functional groups present. Whichever one is highest on the list is the most important and becomes the family name
3)Added groups (lower on list) are placed at the start in alphabetical order
4)Double bonds are given lowest no. possible
5)Each added group must have a C of its own
6)Commas between no, dashes otherwise.
7)COOH + CHO mostly be carbon 1
8) If COOH + OH are both present, OH is demoted to 2-hydroxy

21
Q

Hierarchal list for naming

A

1)Alkanoic acid ALWAYS C1
2)Alkanol
3)Amine
4)alkane, alkene alkyne
5)F,Cl, Br, I

22
Q

3 types of alcohols

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

23
Q

Primary Alcohol

A

C attached to the -OH is joined to only 1 carbon, therefore linear (unbranched)

24
Q

Secondary Alcohol

A

C Attached to the -OH is joined to 2 Carbons
Branched

25
Q

Tertiary Alcohol

A

C attached to the -OH is joined to 3 carbon atoms
Very branched

26
Q

Esters properties

A

Sweet tasting, smelling
Contain Ester functional group

27
Q

How are Esters made

A

Made from the reaction of an alkanoic acid with an alkanol H2SO4 Catalyst.

When writing the equation, all states are liquid, including catalyst

28
Q

What is the reaction to create an ester called

A

Condensation (H2O is eliminated when 2+ molecules join) or Esterification

29
Q

What are the main intermolecular forcer in decreasing order of strength

A

Hydrogen Bonding
Dipole-Dipole
Dispersion forces

30
Q

How do dispersion forces occur

A

are always present as due to instantaneous dipoles forming between molecules due to momentary uneven e- distribution

31
Q

Viscosity

A

The resistance to flow

32
Q

Trend for viscosity wil strength of intermolecular bonding

A

As strength of the intermolecular bonding increases, the viscosity increases

33
Q

Trend for viscosity as branching increases

A

As branching increases, the molecules can tangle and viscosity increases

34
Q

Trend for boiling/melting point as strength of intermolecular bonding increases

A

As strength of the intermolecular bonding increases, the BP/MP increases as you need more energy to break the bonds and melt or boil the molecules

35
Q

Trend for boiling/melting point as branching increases

A

As branching increases, the molecule cannot get as close to each other, therefore intermolecular bonding strength decreases and MP/BP decreases

not the same as viscosity!

36
Q

Volatility

A

The ability of a substance to turn into a gas

37
Q

Trend of solubility in H2O as non polar chain increases in size

A

Solubility in H2O decreases as non polar chain increases in size

38
Q

Properties of aldehydes/ketones/esters

A

All volatile/smelly

All can form dipole dipole bonding between molecules, which is weaker than Hydrogen bonds alkaniols/acids

All can form hydrogen bonds with H2O

Most esters insoluble in H2O (only little ones can dissolve)

Chemistry Units 3&4 (2 decks)

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