Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What makes up sucrose?

Answer 1

Glucose + fructose

Question 2

What makes up lactose?

Answer 2

Glucose + galactose

Question 3

What makes up maltose?

Answer 3

Glucose + glucose

Question 4

What is the simplest carbohydrate?

Answer 4

Monosaccharide

Question 5

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 6

What do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 6

Carbon
Hydrogen
oxygen

Question 7

Give 3 example of polysaccharides?
Explain the functions of each.

Answer 7

Starch - how plants store excess sugar.
Cellulose - give plants rigidty and strength; found in cell walls.
glycogen - how animals store excess energy.

Question 8

Give 3 characteristic of lipids?

Answer 8

• Store energy
• do not dissolve in water; feel “greasy”
• Make up cell membranes (phospholipid layer).

Question 9

What are lipids known as?

Answer 9

Fats - stored at room temp (butter)
Oils - Liquids at room temp (olive oil)
Waxes - only have 1 fatty acid linked to a glycerol. Plants use waxes to coat their leaves.

Question 10

How do lipids form?

Answer 10

1 glycerol molecule
3 fatty acids

Question 11

Name 5 characteristics of protein:

Answer 11

• Chief building blocks of all life
• Builds and repairs bones and muscles
• Make up skin, hair, feathers, and horns.
• Make up bones and muscles.
• Involved in immune defense and blood clotting.

Question 12

What do proteins contain?

Answer 12

Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 13

What are proteins made of?

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

What is the R group?

Answer 14

All amino acids have a similar structure, but they differ in one region, know as the R group.

Question 15

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 15

20

Question 16

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 16

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another.

Question 17

What are reactants?

Answer 17

The elements or compounds that enter into a reaction.

Question 18

What are products?

Answer 18

The elements or compounds that are produced by the chemical reaction.

Question 19

What does the law of conservation of matter state?

Answer 19

Atoms are not created or destroyed, just rearranged. Number of each kind of atom must be equal on either side of arrow; balanced equation.

Question 20

What is a catalyst?

Answer 20

Substance that speeds up chemical reactions.
They are not changed by the reaction and are not used up in the reaction.

Question 21

What are enzymes?

Answer 21

Catalysts that exist in living organisms.

Question 22

How do enzymes get their name?

Answer 22

End in suffix -ase based on what it does.

Question 23

What is an example of an enzyme?

Answer 23

Lactase breaks down lactose.

Question 24

What are enzymes usually?

Answer 24

Proteins

Question 25

How do enzymes work?

Answer 25

1. enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together.
2. The reactants of the enzyme catalyst reactions are called substrates (what the enzyme is changing).
3. The substrates bind to the active site which is the same shape as the substrates, meaning they have complementary shapes, that work together. (lock and key model)
4. Once they are together the substrates and enzymes form a enzyme-substrate complex. They then remain together until the reaction is done.
5. Once the reaction is complete, the products of the reaction are released and the enzyme will compete the process again.