Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Why are alkanes saturated molecules?
All the carbon atoms are fully bonded with the hydrogen atoms
Properties of long chain hydrocarbons?
High viscosity
Low flammability
High boiling point
Properties of short chain hydrocarbons?
Low viscosity
High flammability
Low boiling point
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water
Explain fractional distillation of crude oils.
First, the crude oil is heated to a high temp and turned into a vapour
This vapour is now fed into the fractional distillation column
The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
The vapours rise up the column
The separate hydrocarbons condense at separate boiling boiling points to form liquids
Very long chain hydrocarbons are removed from the bottom
Very short chain hydrocarbons do not condense and are removed from the top as gases
Why are alkenes unsaturated?
They have two less hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms
Alkene + hydrogen
Produces an alkane
Alkene + water
Produces an alcohol
Conditions for hydration reactions?
300 degrees C
70 atm
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Alkene + halogen? e.g ethene + chlorine
Dichloroethane
Fermentation reaction?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Alcohol + metal? e.g ethanol + sodium
Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
Alcohol + oxidising agent
Carboxylic acid + water
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate? e.g ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate
Sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
Carboxylic acid + alcohol
Ester + water
