organic chemistry

Question 1

what atom must organic molecules have

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

organic molecules can be ______ chain molecules or _________ chain molecules

Answer 2

straight, branched

Question 3

Compounds in a homologous series have 4 things in common:

Answer 3

functional group, chemical properties, general formula, trends in physical properties

Question 4

What homologous series has no functional group?

Answer 4

alkanes

Question 5

which homologous series contains a carbon carbon double bond ?

Answer 5

alkenes

Question 6

how many covalent bonds are in each C atom

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Crude oil contain molecules called ___________

Answer 7

hydrocarbons

Question 8

F_________ __________ is used to seperate different hydrocarbons

Answer 8

fractional distillation

Question 9

what factor is used in fractional distillation for the separation of crude oil molecules?

Answer 9

boiling point

Question 10

Fractional distillation – gases are used for …

Answer 10

liquefied petroleum gas

Question 11

Fractional distillation – naphta is used for …

Answer 11

chemicals

Question 12

Fractional distillation – gasoline is used for…

Answer 12

petrol for vehicles

Question 13

Fractional distillation – kerosine is used for…

Answer 13

jet fuel, parrafin, lighting, heating

Question 14

Fractional distillation – diesel oils are used for…

Answer 14

diesel fuels for trains

Question 15

Fractional distillation – lubricating oil is used for…

Answer 15

lubricating oils, waxes, polish

Question 16

Fractional distillation – fuel oil is used for…

Answer 16

fuels for ships factories and central heating

Question 17

bitumen is used for …

Answer 17

roads and roofing

Question 18

crude oil is heated to how many degrees before entering the fractionating column?

Answer 18

350 - 400

Question 19

are gases usually small or big molecules?

Answer 19

small

Question 20

is the boiling point of larger molecules higher or lower

Answer 20

higher

Question 21

meaning of volatility

Answer 21

how easy it vaporises

Question 22

viscosity meaning

Answer 22

how thick it is

Question 23

are smaller molecules easy or harder to ignite

Answer 23

easier

Question 24

3 types of fossil fuels

Answer 24

coal, crude oil, natural gas

Question 25

formation of fossil fuels in 9 steps

Answer 25

1) plants and animals die 2) squashed and heated by sediment 3) decompose without oxygen 4) covered for millions of years 5) oil and gas molecules produces 6) covered with sand and silt called sediment 7) crude oil formed as a mixture of hydrocarbons 8) drill into rock to release pressure 9) crude oil and natural gas ride to surface

Question 26

4 examples of alkanes

Answer 26

methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 27

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated and why

Answer 27

saturated, they only have single bonds

Question 28

general formula of alkane

Answer 28

CnH2n+2

Question 29

what test is used to test if a substance is saturated or unsaturated

Answer 29

bromine test

Question 30

what homologous group gives a positive result in a bromine test

Answer 30

alkenes

Question 31

what happens to alkenes in bromine tests

Answer 31

goes colourless

Question 32

4 steps of a bromine test

Answer 32

- add one pipette of bromine water in test tube - add 3-4 drops of substance - put a bung on the tube and shake - observe color

Question 33

what reaction happens between alkene and bromine

Answer 33

addition reaction

Question 34

meaning of cracking

Answer 34

decomposes large saturated molecules into smaller molecules and also produce unsaturated molecules

Question 35

_______ and _________ are used to decompose large paraffin molecules

Answer 35

heat, catalyst

Question 36

why do we use cracking

Answer 36

large hydrocarbon molecules like paraffins are in less demand than other hydrocarbons like gasoline

Question 37

blue ____ _______ ____ is used to test for the presence of water, it turns from ___ to _____

Answer 37

cobalt chloride paper, blue, pink

Question 38

what gas is needed for combustion

Answer 38

oxygen

Question 39

what are the products of combustion

Answer 39

water, CO2

Question 40

what happens when there is not enough oxygen in combustion

Answer 40

incomplete combustion

Question 41

products of incomplete combustion

Answer 41

corbon monoxide, carbon (soot), water

Question 42

dangers of carbon monoxide

Answer 42

combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells in place of oxygen -- decrease the amount of oxygen red blood cells can carry

Question 43

one example of cracking

Answer 43

heptane heated with catalyst to produce pentane and ethene

Question 44

general formula of alcohols

Answer 44

CnH2n+1OH

Question 45

ethanol is most commonly used as ... x3

Answer 45

fuel, disinfectant, solvent

Question 46

alcohol burns in air to produce ________ and ________ __________ in complete _________

Answer 46

water, carbon dioxide, combustion

Question 47

materials for fermentation

Answer 47

apples, yeast, glucose, water